Summary statistics of the data
| Statistic . | Years . | N . | Min. . | Max. . | Source . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female TFR | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 1.346 (DC) | 3.186 (UT) | NBER/CDC |
| Male TFR | 1969–2004 | 1,836 | 1.552 (RI) | 3.647 (UT) | NBER |
| Tempo-Adjusted TFR | 1969–2004 | 1,836 | 1.514 (DC) | 3.513 (UT) | NBER |
| HLI | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 56.989 (DC) | 80.548 (HI) | USMDB |
| HDI | 1990–2018 | 1,479 | 0.820 (MS) | 0.955 (MA) | GDL |
| e0 | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 69.58 (DC) | 84.47 (HI) | USMDB |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 1976–2018 | 2,193 | 2.100 (CT) | 17.300 (WV) | BEA |
| % in Service | 1980–2018 | 2,193 | 0.449 (NC) | 0.951 (DC) | BEA |
| Parental Age Difference | 1969–2004 | 1,836 | 2.092 (NH) | 4.703 (DC) | NBER |
| Mean Age at Childbearing | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 24.218 (OK) | 31.270 (DC) | NBER |
| Statistic . | Years . | N . | Min. . | Max. . | Source . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female TFR | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 1.346 (DC) | 3.186 (UT) | NBER/CDC |
| Male TFR | 1969–2004 | 1,836 | 1.552 (RI) | 3.647 (UT) | NBER |
| Tempo-Adjusted TFR | 1969–2004 | 1,836 | 1.514 (DC) | 3.513 (UT) | NBER |
| HLI | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 56.989 (DC) | 80.548 (HI) | USMDB |
| HDI | 1990–2018 | 1,479 | 0.820 (MS) | 0.955 (MA) | GDL |
| e0 | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 69.58 (DC) | 84.47 (HI) | USMDB |
| Unemployment Rate (%) | 1976–2018 | 2,193 | 2.100 (CT) | 17.300 (WV) | BEA |
| % in Service | 1980–2018 | 2,193 | 0.449 (NC) | 0.951 (DC) | BEA |
| Parental Age Difference | 1969–2004 | 1,836 | 2.092 (NH) | 4.703 (DC) | NBER |
| Mean Age at Childbearing | 1969–2018 | 2,550 | 24.218 (OK) | 31.270 (DC) | NBER |
Notes: The first block contains the three fertility indicators: female TFR, male TFR, and the tempo-adjusted TFR following Bongaarts and Feeney (1998). The second block displays the three development indicators: Human Life Indicator (HLI), Human Development Index (HDI), and life expectancy at birth. The last block consists of the four control variables, which are used to disentangle the mechanisms. The abbreviation of the state name is in parentheses. The time-series length differs across indicators owing to data availability. Source abbreviations: NBER = National Bureau of Economic Research; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; USMDB = United States Mortality DataBase; GDL = Global Data Lab; and BEA = Bureau of Economic Analysis.