Baseline descriptive characteristics for enrolled mothers and children
| . | Full Sample (1) . | Treatment (2) . | Control (3) . | Difference: (3) – (2) (4) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Sample Women | ||||
| Current use of family planning (1 = yes) | .489 | .492 | .486 | –.006 |
| Long-acting method use (1 = yes) | .069 | .070 | .069 | –.002 |
| Injectable use (1 = yes) | .386 | .390 | .382 | –.007 |
| Implant use (1 = yes) | .065 | .064 | .065 | .001 |
| Ever-use of family planning (1 = yes) | .825 | .857 | .796 | –.062** |
| Woman's age (years) | 24.954 | 25.046 | 24.868 | −0.178 |
| Total number of children | 2.416 | 2.435 | 2.400 | −0.035 |
| Primary education (1 = yes) | .571 | .574 | .568 | –.007 |
| Secondary education (1 = yes) | .429 | .426 | .432 | .007 |
| Tertiary education (1 = yes) | .029 | .024 | .033 | .009 |
| Religion (1 = Christian) | .836 | .855 | .818 | –.037 |
| Ethnicity (1 = Chewa) | .415 | .423 | .409 | –.014 |
| Woman works (1 = yes) | .083 | .080 | .085 | .005 |
| Age of first cohabitation (years) | 18.981 | 19.006 | 18.957 | −0.049 |
| Number of observations | 1,037 | 498 | 539 | |
| p value (joint significance) | .462 | |||
| B. Sample Children | ||||
| Child's age (months) | 2.909 | 2.901 | 2.915 | 0.014 |
| Child's biological sex (1 = male) | .492 | .504 | .481 | –.023 |
| Child's birth order | 2.366 | 2.393 | 2.340 | −0.053 |
| Preceding birth interval (months) | 51.731 | 52.401 | 51.046 | −1.355 |
| HAZ | −0.199 | −0.186 | −0.211 | −0.026 |
| WHZ | 0.126 | 0.115 | 0.136 | 0.022 |
| WAZ | 0.099 | 0.094 | 0.103 | 0.009 |
| Number of observations | 1,034 | 496 | 538 | |
| Number of observations with anthropometric data | 545 | 260 | 285 | |
| p value (joint significance) | .361 |
| . | Full Sample (1) . | Treatment (2) . | Control (3) . | Difference: (3) – (2) (4) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Sample Women | ||||
| Current use of family planning (1 = yes) | .489 | .492 | .486 | –.006 |
| Long-acting method use (1 = yes) | .069 | .070 | .069 | –.002 |
| Injectable use (1 = yes) | .386 | .390 | .382 | –.007 |
| Implant use (1 = yes) | .065 | .064 | .065 | .001 |
| Ever-use of family planning (1 = yes) | .825 | .857 | .796 | –.062** |
| Woman's age (years) | 24.954 | 25.046 | 24.868 | −0.178 |
| Total number of children | 2.416 | 2.435 | 2.400 | −0.035 |
| Primary education (1 = yes) | .571 | .574 | .568 | –.007 |
| Secondary education (1 = yes) | .429 | .426 | .432 | .007 |
| Tertiary education (1 = yes) | .029 | .024 | .033 | .009 |
| Religion (1 = Christian) | .836 | .855 | .818 | –.037 |
| Ethnicity (1 = Chewa) | .415 | .423 | .409 | –.014 |
| Woman works (1 = yes) | .083 | .080 | .085 | .005 |
| Age of first cohabitation (years) | 18.981 | 19.006 | 18.957 | −0.049 |
| Number of observations | 1,037 | 498 | 539 | |
| p value (joint significance) | .462 | |||
| B. Sample Children | ||||
| Child's age (months) | 2.909 | 2.901 | 2.915 | 0.014 |
| Child's biological sex (1 = male) | .492 | .504 | .481 | –.023 |
| Child's birth order | 2.366 | 2.393 | 2.340 | −0.053 |
| Preceding birth interval (months) | 51.731 | 52.401 | 51.046 | −1.355 |
| HAZ | −0.199 | −0.186 | −0.211 | −0.026 |
| WHZ | 0.126 | 0.115 | 0.136 | 0.022 |
| WAZ | 0.099 | 0.094 | 0.103 | 0.009 |
| Number of observations | 1,034 | 496 | 538 | |
| Number of observations with anthropometric data | 545 | 260 | 285 | |
| p value (joint significance) | .361 |
Notes: In panel A, the unit of analysis is the woman. In panel B, it is the child. Our sample includes three women who reported being immediately postpartum but whose children we did not record. These women are dropped from further analysis but are included here for completeness. The significance indicator is based on the critical value from individual t tests.
**p < .01