Duke University Press

Table 2

Between–racialized group differences in predicted adverse birth outcomes in the post–Trump election period relative to the pre–Trump election period for U.S.- and foreign-born mothers

	Model 1				Model 2
Outcome Variable	Racialized Group Disparity (post – pre)	Percentage-Point Difference Between Pre and Post	95% Confidence Interval	p Value	Racialized Group Disparity (post – pre)	Percentage-Point Difference Between Pre and Post	95% Confidence Interval	p Value
LBW	U.S.-born				U.S.-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(7.29 – 6.60)	0.69^*	[0.60, 0.78]	.00	(5.21 – 4.70)	0.50^*	[0.52, 0.70]	.00
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(1.15 – 0.71)	0.44^*	[0.35, 0.53]	.00	(0.67 – 0.27)	0.40^*	[0.31, 0.49]	.00
	API–White				API–White
	(2.47 – 1.69)	0.78^*	[0.52, 0.93]	.00	(1.87 – 1.25)	0.62^*	[0.36, 0.88]	.00
	Foreign-born				Foreign-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(2.96 – 2.50)	0.46^*	[0.24, 0.70]	.00	(1.77 – 1.33)	0.44^*	[0.22, 0.67]	.00
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(0.62 – 0.14)	0.48^*	[0.31, 0.66]	.00	(−0.10 – −0.64)	0.54^*	[0.37, 0.71]	.00
	API–White				API–White
	(2.63 – 1.89)	0.74^*	[0.55, 0.93]	.00	(2.09 – 1.26)	0.80^*	[0.54, 0.99]	.00
Preterm Birth	U.S.-born				U.S.-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(7.08 – 6.37)	0.71^*	[0.54, 0.76]	.00	(4.13 – 3.57)	0.56^*	[0.46, 0.66]	.00
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(1.86 – 1.12)	0.74^*	[0.63, 0.85]	.00	(1.24 – 0.56)	0.68^*	[0.58, 0.79]	.01
	API–White				API–White
	(0.97 – 0.84)	0.13	[−0.19, 0.44]	.42	(1.45 – 1.13)	0.33^*	[0.03, 0.63]	.03
	Foreign-born				Foreign-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(3.89 – 3.69)	0.20	[−0.07, 0.47]	.15	(2.09 – 2.01)	0.07	[0.07, 0.34]	.58
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(2.95 – 2.17)	0.78^*	[0.58, 0.98]	.00	(1.31 – 0.40)	0.91^*	[0.71, 1.10]	.00
	API–White				API–White
	(1.32 – 0.72)	0.60^*	[0.37, 0.83]	.00	(1.81 – 1.17)	0.63^*	[0.42, 0.86]	.00

	Model 1				Model 2
Outcome Variable	Racialized Group Disparity (post – pre)	Percentage-Point Difference Between Pre and Post	95% Confidence Interval	p Value	Racialized Group Disparity (post – pre)	Percentage-Point Difference Between Pre and Post	95% Confidence Interval	p Value
LBW	U.S.-born				U.S.-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(7.29 – 6.60)	0.69^*	[0.60, 0.78]	.00	(5.21 – 4.70)	0.50^*	[0.52, 0.70]	.00
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(1.15 – 0.71)	0.44^*	[0.35, 0.53]	.00	(0.67 – 0.27)	0.40^*	[0.31, 0.49]	.00
	API–White				API–White
	(2.47 – 1.69)	0.78^*	[0.52, 0.93]	.00	(1.87 – 1.25)	0.62^*	[0.36, 0.88]	.00
	Foreign-born				Foreign-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(2.96 – 2.50)	0.46^*	[0.24, 0.70]	.00	(1.77 – 1.33)	0.44^*	[0.22, 0.67]	.00
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(0.62 – 0.14)	0.48^*	[0.31, 0.66]	.00	(−0.10 – −0.64)	0.54^*	[0.37, 0.71]	.00
	API–White				API–White
	(2.63 – 1.89)	0.74^*	[0.55, 0.93]	.00	(2.09 – 1.26)	0.80^*	[0.54, 0.99]	.00
Preterm Birth	U.S.-born				U.S.-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(7.08 – 6.37)	0.71^*	[0.54, 0.76]	.00	(4.13 – 3.57)	0.56^*	[0.46, 0.66]	.00
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(1.86 – 1.12)	0.74^*	[0.63, 0.85]	.00	(1.24 – 0.56)	0.68^*	[0.58, 0.79]	.01
	API–White				API–White
	(0.97 – 0.84)	0.13	[−0.19, 0.44]	.42	(1.45 – 1.13)	0.33^*	[0.03, 0.63]	.03
	Foreign-born				Foreign-born
	Black–White				Black–White
	(3.89 – 3.69)	0.20	[−0.07, 0.47]	.15	(2.09 – 2.01)	0.07	[0.07, 0.34]	.58
	Hispanic–White				Hispanic–White
	(2.95 – 2.17)	0.78^*	[0.58, 0.98]	.00	(1.31 – 0.40)	0.91^*	[0.71, 1.10]	.00
	API–White				API–White
	(1.32 – 0.72)	0.60^*	[0.37, 0.83]	.00	(1.81 – 1.17)	0.63^*	[0.42, 0.86]	.00

Notes: Pre-Trump = November 2012–October 2016. Post-Trump = November 2016–November 2018. Model 1 controls for year fixed effects. Model 2 adds controls for infant's sex assigned at birth, parity, whether Medicaid paid for birth, mother's marital status, mother's highest level of education attained, mother's age at child's birth, and adequacy of prenatal care. The racialized group disparity column shows the change in the percentage-point difference between non-White mothers’ predicted probability of adverse birth outcomes compared with mothers racialized as White in the post–Trump election period, relative to the same health gap in the pre–Trump election period. LBW = low birth weight.

Source: National Center for Health Statistics (November 2012–November 2018); N = 15,568,710.

^*p < .05 (two-tailed tests)

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