Duke University Press

Table 1

Descriptive statistics for variables used in the analyses

	All				Children of Natives	Children of Immigrants
Variable	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	Mean	Mean	Difference
GPA	0.089	0.891	‒3.847	17.564	0.094	‒0.089	0.184^**
Enrolled in Postsecondary Education	.539		0	1	.537	.584	‒.047^**
Expected Earnings From Education	53.316	14.826	6	90	53.335	52.699	0.636^**
Field of Education (postsecondary)
Education	.071		0	1	.072	.051	.021^**
Law	.018		0	1	.017	.025	‒.008^**
Business and administration	.101		0	1	.100	.137	‒.037^**
Health, lower	.099		0	1	.100	.079	.021^**
Health professionals	.021		0	1	.020	.069	‒.049^**
Science and engineering	.097		0	1	.097	.110	‒.013^**
Arts and humanities	.051		0	1	.051	.045	.007^**
Social sciences and other	.078		0	1	.078	.067	.012^**
Parental Years of Education	12.521	2.376	6	19	12.549	11.599	0.950^**
Parental Selectivity	47.454	26.366	0.115	99.950	46.912	65.168	‒18.256^**
Sex (female)	.486		0	1	.486	.483	.003
Birth Year	1991.138	3.694	1985	1997	1991.116	1991.865	‒0.749^**
Birth Order	1.903	0.998	0	17	1.891	2.297	‒0.407^**
Number of Siblings	2.009	1.238	0	19	1.992	2.556	‒0.564^**
Mother's Birth Year	1962.931	5.910	1929	1984	1962.927	1963.081	‒0.154^**
Father's Birth Year	1960.074	6.555	1915	1983	1960.128	1958.138	1.990^**
Information on Only One Parent	.011		0	1	.007	.121	‒.114^**
Number of Observations		673,674			653,675	19,999

	All				Children of Natives	Children of Immigrants
Variable	Mean	SD	Min.	Max.	Mean	Mean	Difference
GPA	0.089	0.891	‒3.847	17.564	0.094	‒0.089	0.184^**
Enrolled in Postsecondary Education	.539		0	1	.537	.584	‒.047^**
Expected Earnings From Education	53.316	14.826	6	90	53.335	52.699	0.636^**
Field of Education (postsecondary)
Education	.071		0	1	.072	.051	.021^**
Law	.018		0	1	.017	.025	‒.008^**
Business and administration	.101		0	1	.100	.137	‒.037^**
Health, lower	.099		0	1	.100	.079	.021^**
Health professionals	.021		0	1	.020	.069	‒.049^**
Science and engineering	.097		0	1	.097	.110	‒.013^**
Arts and humanities	.051		0	1	.051	.045	.007^**
Social sciences and other	.078		0	1	.078	.067	.012^**
Parental Years of Education	12.521	2.376	6	19	12.549	11.599	0.950^**
Parental Selectivity	47.454	26.366	0.115	99.950	46.912	65.168	‒18.256^**
Sex (female)	.486		0	1	.486	.483	.003
Birth Year	1991.138	3.694	1985	1997	1991.116	1991.865	‒0.749^**
Birth Order	1.903	0.998	0	17	1.891	2.297	‒0.407^**
Number of Siblings	2.009	1.238	0	19	1.992	2.556	‒0.564^**
Mother's Birth Year	1962.931	5.910	1929	1984	1962.927	1963.081	‒0.154^**
Father's Birth Year	1960.074	6.555	1915	1983	1960.128	1958.138	1.990^**
Information on Only One Parent	.011		0	1	.007	.121	‒.114^**
Number of Observations		673,674			653,675	19,999

Notes: Missing values are handled by listwise deletion. Expected earnings show the average ranked expected earnings. GPA represents the average standard deviations from the mean GPA, standardized within birth cohorts.

^**p < .01 (two-tailed t test)

View Large

This Feature Is Available To Subscribers Only