Average marginal effects (AMEs) of college education and racial and ethnic differences in the effects of college education by work‒family cluster
| Hypothesis . | Work‒Family Cluster . | Race and Ethnicity . | College vs. <College . | Differs by Race and Ethnicity at p < .05 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2a | Working and partnered early mothers | Black | 0.05* (0.02) | W |
| Latina | 0.01 (0.75) | |||
| White | ‒0.04 (0.11) | B | ||
| Working and partnered later mothers | Black | 0.06* (0.00) | W | |
| Latina | ‒0.02 (0.73) | |||
| White | 0.00 (0.88) | B | ||
| Working and single mothers | Black | ‒0.07* (0.03) | ||
| Latina | ‒0.06 (0.12) | |||
| White | ‒0.06* (0.00) | |||
| H2b | Working and partnered women | Black | 0.01 (0.55) | |
| Latina | 0.03 (0.41) | |||
| White | 0.02 (0.36) | |||
| Overworked and single women | Black | 0.12* (0.00) | W | |
| Latina | 0.10* (0.00) | |||
| White | 0.04* (0.03) | B | ||
| H2c | Stay-at-home and partnered mothers | Black | ‒0.03 (0.25) | |
| Latina | ‒0.04 (0.14) | |||
| White | 0.01 (0.76) | |||
| Part-time work and partnered mothers | Black | 0.02 (0.25) | ||
| Latina | 0.05 (0.05) | |||
| White | 0.06* (0.01) | |||
| H2d | Interrupted work and single mothers | Black | ‒0.16* (0.00) | L, W |
| Latina | ‒0.07* (0.00) | B, W | ||
| White | ‒0.03* (0.00) | B, L |
| Hypothesis . | Work‒Family Cluster . | Race and Ethnicity . | College vs. <College . | Differs by Race and Ethnicity at p < .05 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2a | Working and partnered early mothers | Black | 0.05* (0.02) | W |
| Latina | 0.01 (0.75) | |||
| White | ‒0.04 (0.11) | B | ||
| Working and partnered later mothers | Black | 0.06* (0.00) | W | |
| Latina | ‒0.02 (0.73) | |||
| White | 0.00 (0.88) | B | ||
| Working and single mothers | Black | ‒0.07* (0.03) | ||
| Latina | ‒0.06 (0.12) | |||
| White | ‒0.06* (0.00) | |||
| H2b | Working and partnered women | Black | 0.01 (0.55) | |
| Latina | 0.03 (0.41) | |||
| White | 0.02 (0.36) | |||
| Overworked and single women | Black | 0.12* (0.00) | W | |
| Latina | 0.10* (0.00) | |||
| White | 0.04* (0.03) | B | ||
| H2c | Stay-at-home and partnered mothers | Black | ‒0.03 (0.25) | |
| Latina | ‒0.04 (0.14) | |||
| White | 0.01 (0.76) | |||
| Part-time work and partnered mothers | Black | 0.02 (0.25) | ||
| Latina | 0.05 (0.05) | |||
| White | 0.06* (0.01) | |||
| H2d | Interrupted work and single mothers | Black | ‒0.16* (0.00) | L, W |
| Latina | ‒0.07* (0.00) | B, W | ||
| White | ‒0.03* (0.00) | B, L |
Notes: Standard errors are shown in parentheses. Sample weights and CEM weights are applied. The rightmost contrast column shows which education differences are statistically different across race and ethnicity groups, with “B” signaling a statistically significant difference from Black women, “L” from Latina women, and “W” from White women. Data are multiply imputed (M = 10). The AMEs and their contrasts are calculated separately for Black, Latina, and White women and are based on the multinomial logistic regression estimates with CEM weights summarized in the online supplementary materials (Table E1).
p < .05, two-tailed tests