Duke University Press

Table 1

Percentage of married and cohabiting couples by same-sex and different-sex composition of the couple, according to survey, and corresponding differentials by sociodemographic characteristics

	ACS 2019						CPS 2019
	Same-Sex			Different-Sex			Same-Sex			Different-Sex
Characteristic	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a
Number in Sample	6,207	4,424		633,188	83,980		276	227		34,199	4,328
Percentage of Sample	58.39	41.61		88.29	11.71		53.96	46.04		88.81	11.19
Sex Composition
Male	46.84	48.63	−1.79				41.25	41.13	0.12
Female	53.16	51.37	1.79				58.75	58.87	–0.12
Household Composition
Couple only	66.59	73.95^*	−7.36	45.65	52.82^*	−7.17	76.09	72.90	3.18	44.98	55.36^*	−10.38
Couple and at least one biological/step/adopted child (and possibly others)	23.01	13.36^*	9.65	51.12	39.20^*	11.92	17.60	13.74	3.86	49.98	35.76^*	14.22
Couple and others, no biological/step/adopted children	10.41	12.69^*	−2.28	3.23	7.98^*	−4.75	6.31	13.35^*	−7.04	5.04	8.80^*	−3.76
Age of Younger Partner
18–29	15.48	35.43^*	−19.95	7.73	36.54^*	−28.81	12.20	35.59^*	−23.39	8.86	41.18^*	−32.32
30–39	26.10	24.13	1.97	20.13	26.53^*	−6.40	24.00	24.85	−0.85	20.74	25.92^*	−5.18
40–49	20.73	15.28^*	5.45	20.65	16.02^*	4.63	22.71	13.20	9.51	20.40	13.54^*	6.86
50+	37.47	24.86^*	12.61	51.47	20.85^*	30.62	41.09	26.35^*	14.74	49.99	19.21^*	30.78
Mean Age Gap	6.18	6.11	0.07	3.75	4.47^*	−0.72	5.37	5.40	−3.30	3.92	5.14^*	−1.22
Racial/Ethnic Composition
Both Black	5.45	8.00	−2.55	6.29	8.61^*	−2.32	7.21	10.55	−3.34	6.07	9.41^*	−3.34
Both White	68.12	62.31^*	5.81	69.66	60.70^*	8.96	68.99	57.11^*	11.89	63.90	56.59^*	7.31
Both Hispanic	8.36	8.85	−0.49	10.94	14.33^*	−3.39	5.63	8.13	−2.49	10.91	12.28	−1.37
Interracial/other/2+	18.07	20.84	−2.77	13.10	16.37^*	−3.27	18.16	24.21	−6.05	19.12	21.72^*	−2.6
Either Foreign-born	22.41	13.92^*	8.49	24.51	18.62^*	5.89	17.31	17.05	0.26	25.61	17.43^*	8.18
Residential History: Either Moved in Last Year	15.66	28.26^*	−12.60	9.30	28.83^*	−19.53	13.37	17.25	−3.87	10.30	21.74^*	−11.44
Region of Current Residence
Northeast	19.51	17.46	2.05	17.09	18.04^*	−0.95	17.29	23.82	−6.53	16.94	17.66	−0.72
Midwest	16.70	18.36	−1.66	21.88	23.56^*	−1.68	17.51	14.84	2.67	21.52	23.54	−2.02
South	34.86	37.91	−3.05	37.77	33.96^*	3.81	34.93	43.39	−8.46	38.28	35.23^*	3.05
West	28.93	26.27	2.66	23.26	24.44^*	−1.18	30.27	17.95^*	12.32	23.27	23.58	−0.31
Educational Attainment
Both high school or less	35.17	41.44^*	−6.27	48.62	62.04^*	−13.42	30.47	39.46	−8.99	47.51	60.89^*	−13.38
One college	29.21	30.23	−1.02	24.58	21.95^*	2.63	22.83	26.05	−3.22	24.31	21.63^*	2.68
Both college	35.61	28.33^*	7.28	26.80	16.01^*	10.79	46.70	34.49	12.21	28.17	17.47^*	10.70
Employment Status
Both work full-time	50.32	54.38	−4.06	37.40	51.38^*	−13.98	48.27	50.86	−2.59	34.54	48.05^*	−13.51
One works full-time	31.97	31.05	0.92	37.82	34.75^*	3.07	33.28	31.88	1.40	37.69	35.27	2.42
Neither works full-time	17.71	14.57^*	3.14	24.78	13.87^*	10.91	18.46	17.27	1.19	27.78	16.67^*	11.11
Homeowner	69.41	51.33^*	18.08	80.45	46.05^*	34.40	71.52	44.87^*	26.65	79.25	45.60^*	33.65
Mean Household Income per Person (US$)	52,983	46,347^*	6,636	39,716	30,393^*	9,323	61,354	48,082^*	13,272	43,655	37,803^*	5,852

	ACS 2019						CPS 2019
	Same-Sex			Different-Sex			Same-Sex			Different-Sex
Characteristic	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a	Married	Cohabiting	Diff.^a
Number in Sample	6,207	4,424		633,188	83,980		276	227		34,199	4,328
Percentage of Sample	58.39	41.61		88.29	11.71		53.96	46.04		88.81	11.19
Sex Composition
Male	46.84	48.63	−1.79				41.25	41.13	0.12
Female	53.16	51.37	1.79				58.75	58.87	–0.12
Household Composition
Couple only	66.59	73.95^*	−7.36	45.65	52.82^*	−7.17	76.09	72.90	3.18	44.98	55.36^*	−10.38
Couple and at least one biological/step/adopted child (and possibly others)	23.01	13.36^*	9.65	51.12	39.20^*	11.92	17.60	13.74	3.86	49.98	35.76^*	14.22
Couple and others, no biological/step/adopted children	10.41	12.69^*	−2.28	3.23	7.98^*	−4.75	6.31	13.35^*	−7.04	5.04	8.80^*	−3.76
Age of Younger Partner
18–29	15.48	35.43^*	−19.95	7.73	36.54^*	−28.81	12.20	35.59^*	−23.39	8.86	41.18^*	−32.32
30–39	26.10	24.13	1.97	20.13	26.53^*	−6.40	24.00	24.85	−0.85	20.74	25.92^*	−5.18
40–49	20.73	15.28^*	5.45	20.65	16.02^*	4.63	22.71	13.20	9.51	20.40	13.54^*	6.86
50+	37.47	24.86^*	12.61	51.47	20.85^*	30.62	41.09	26.35^*	14.74	49.99	19.21^*	30.78
Mean Age Gap	6.18	6.11	0.07	3.75	4.47^*	−0.72	5.37	5.40	−3.30	3.92	5.14^*	−1.22
Racial/Ethnic Composition
Both Black	5.45	8.00	−2.55	6.29	8.61^*	−2.32	7.21	10.55	−3.34	6.07	9.41^*	−3.34
Both White	68.12	62.31^*	5.81	69.66	60.70^*	8.96	68.99	57.11^*	11.89	63.90	56.59^*	7.31
Both Hispanic	8.36	8.85	−0.49	10.94	14.33^*	−3.39	5.63	8.13	−2.49	10.91	12.28	−1.37
Interracial/other/2+	18.07	20.84	−2.77	13.10	16.37^*	−3.27	18.16	24.21	−6.05	19.12	21.72^*	−2.6
Either Foreign-born	22.41	13.92^*	8.49	24.51	18.62^*	5.89	17.31	17.05	0.26	25.61	17.43^*	8.18
Residential History: Either Moved in Last Year	15.66	28.26^*	−12.60	9.30	28.83^*	−19.53	13.37	17.25	−3.87	10.30	21.74^*	−11.44
Region of Current Residence
Northeast	19.51	17.46	2.05	17.09	18.04^*	−0.95	17.29	23.82	−6.53	16.94	17.66	−0.72
Midwest	16.70	18.36	−1.66	21.88	23.56^*	−1.68	17.51	14.84	2.67	21.52	23.54	−2.02
South	34.86	37.91	−3.05	37.77	33.96^*	3.81	34.93	43.39	−8.46	38.28	35.23^*	3.05
West	28.93	26.27	2.66	23.26	24.44^*	−1.18	30.27	17.95^*	12.32	23.27	23.58	−0.31
Educational Attainment
Both high school or less	35.17	41.44^*	−6.27	48.62	62.04^*	−13.42	30.47	39.46	−8.99	47.51	60.89^*	−13.38
One college	29.21	30.23	−1.02	24.58	21.95^*	2.63	22.83	26.05	−3.22	24.31	21.63^*	2.68
Both college	35.61	28.33^*	7.28	26.80	16.01^*	10.79	46.70	34.49	12.21	28.17	17.47^*	10.70
Employment Status
Both work full-time	50.32	54.38	−4.06	37.40	51.38^*	−13.98	48.27	50.86	−2.59	34.54	48.05^*	−13.51
One works full-time	31.97	31.05	0.92	37.82	34.75^*	3.07	33.28	31.88	1.40	37.69	35.27	2.42
Neither works full-time	17.71	14.57^*	3.14	24.78	13.87^*	10.91	18.46	17.27	1.19	27.78	16.67^*	11.11
Homeowner	69.41	51.33^*	18.08	80.45	46.05^*	34.40	71.52	44.87^*	26.65	79.25	45.60^*	33.65
Mean Household Income per Person (US$)	52,983	46,347^*	6,636	39,716	30,393^*	9,323	61,354	48,082^*	13,272	43,655	37,803^*	5,852

Sources: 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) and 2019 Current Population Survey (CPS).

Differential represents within-survey absolute difference between married and cohabiting couples.

Difference between married and cohabiting couples is significant at p < .05

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