Explained and unexplained change in parenting time between 2019 and 2020 (Kitagawa–Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition, Neumark pooled approach)
| . | Mothers (n = 830) . | Fathers (n = 635) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Any Time With Children . | Development Time . | Secondary Care Time . | Any Time With Children . | Development Time . | Secondary Care Time . |
| Gross Change (minutes) | 33.1 | 31.7 | 105.5 | 38.5 | 6.3 | 66.8 |
| Explained (composition; minutes) | 16.8 | 7.1 | 7.1 | −8.6 | −0.5 | −5.2 |
| % of Gross Change | 50.6 | 22.4 | 6.8 | −22.4 | −7.6 | −7.7 |
| Unexplained (rates; minutes) | 16.4 | 24.6 | 98.3 | 47.2 | 6.8 | 72.0 |
| % of Gross Change | 49.4 | 77.6 | 93.2 | 122.4 | 107.6 | 107.7 |
| Explained (composition) Total | 16.8 | 7.1 | 7.1 | −8.6 | −0.5 | −5.2 |
| Work status total | 21.9 | 5.9 | 18.6 | 1.0 | −0.8 | 3.0 |
| Full-time | 13.2 | 3.8 | 10.3 | −1.8 | −0.3 | −1.7 |
| Part-time | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | −0.4 | 3.0 |
| Unemployed | 7.2 | 1.2 | 8.0 | −0.4 | −0.1 | −0.7 |
| Not working | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 2.5 |
| All other covariates | −5.1 | 1.2 | −11.5 | −9.6 | 0.3 | −8.2 |
| Unexplained (rates) Total | 16.4 | 24.6 | 98.3 | 47.2 | 6.8 | 72.0 |
| Work status total | 1.2 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 22.5 | 6.2 | −24.3 |
| Full-time | 4.3 | 2.4 | 22.3 | 23.5 | 6.7 | −25.6 |
| Part-time | −0.4 | 2.1 | −8.8 | −2.6 | −0.2 | 3.6 |
| Unemployed | −2.9 | 5.8 | −11.9 | 1.4 | −0.2 | −3.4 |
| Not working | 0.2 | −1.1 | 1.4 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 1.1 |
| All other covariates | 15.2 | 15.5 | 95.3 | 24.7 | 0.6 | 96.3 |
| Constant | −111.1 | 42.8 | −98.7 | 21.1 | −3.6 | −42.3 |
| . | Mothers (n = 830) . | Fathers (n = 635) . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Any Time With Children . | Development Time . | Secondary Care Time . | Any Time With Children . | Development Time . | Secondary Care Time . |
| Gross Change (minutes) | 33.1 | 31.7 | 105.5 | 38.5 | 6.3 | 66.8 |
| Explained (composition; minutes) | 16.8 | 7.1 | 7.1 | −8.6 | −0.5 | −5.2 |
| % of Gross Change | 50.6 | 22.4 | 6.8 | −22.4 | −7.6 | −7.7 |
| Unexplained (rates; minutes) | 16.4 | 24.6 | 98.3 | 47.2 | 6.8 | 72.0 |
| % of Gross Change | 49.4 | 77.6 | 93.2 | 122.4 | 107.6 | 107.7 |
| Explained (composition) Total | 16.8 | 7.1 | 7.1 | −8.6 | −0.5 | −5.2 |
| Work status total | 21.9 | 5.9 | 18.6 | 1.0 | −0.8 | 3.0 |
| Full-time | 13.2 | 3.8 | 10.3 | −1.8 | −0.3 | −1.7 |
| Part-time | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | −0.4 | 3.0 |
| Unemployed | 7.2 | 1.2 | 8.0 | −0.4 | −0.1 | −0.7 |
| Not working | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.0 | 2.5 |
| All other covariates | −5.1 | 1.2 | −11.5 | −9.6 | 0.3 | −8.2 |
| Unexplained (rates) Total | 16.4 | 24.6 | 98.3 | 47.2 | 6.8 | 72.0 |
| Work status total | 1.2 | 9.1 | 3.0 | 22.5 | 6.2 | −24.3 |
| Full-time | 4.3 | 2.4 | 22.3 | 23.5 | 6.7 | −25.6 |
| Part-time | −0.4 | 2.1 | −8.8 | −2.6 | −0.2 | 3.6 |
| Unemployed | −2.9 | 5.8 | −11.9 | 1.4 | −0.2 | −3.4 |
| Not working | 0.2 | −1.1 | 1.4 | 0.2 | −0.1 | 1.1 |
| All other covariates | 15.2 | 15.5 | 95.3 | 24.7 | 0.6 | 96.3 |
| Constant | −111.1 | 42.8 | −98.7 | 21.1 | −3.6 | −42.3 |