Table 3

Results of individual fixed-effects models predicting full-time employment of women and men in 2020 relative to 2019, by marital status and by age of youngest child

By Marital StatusBy Age of Child
UnmarriedMarriedNo Child or >18 Years0–4 Years5–12 Years13–18 Years
Year 2020 × Female × Month       
 Year 2020 × Female × January 0.008
(0.012) 		0.008
(0.008) 		−0.006
(0.010) 		0.034*
(0.017) 		0.012
(0.016) 		0.017
(0.021) 
 Year 2020 × Female × February 0.032**
(0.012) 		0.004
(0.008) 		0.022*
(0.010) 		0.025
(0.017) 		0.000
(0.016) 		0.006
(0.020) 
 Year 2020 × Female × March 0.032**
(0.012) 		0.011
(0.009) 		0.018
(0.010) 		0.025
(0.018) 		0.025
(0.016) 		0.019
(0.021) 
 Year 2020 × Female × April 0.038**
(0.013) 		0.044**
(0.009) 		0.027*
(0.011) 		0.084**
(0.019) 		0.057**
(0.018) 		0.029
(0.023) 
 Year 2020 × Female × May 0.019
(0.013) 		0.022*
(0.009) 		0.013
(0.011) 		0.066**
(0.019) 		0.013
(0.017) 		0.009
(0.022) 
 Year 2020 × Female × June 0.010
(0.013) 		0.011
(0.009) 		0.009
(0.011) 		0.041*
(0.019) 		−0.007
(0.017) 		0.003
(0.024) 
 Year 2020 × Female × July 0.006
(0.013) 		0.017
(0.001) 		0.012
(0.011) 		0.045*
(0.020) 		0.000
(0.018) 		−0.018
(0.024) 
 Year 2020 × Female × August −0.002
(0.013) 		0.014
(0.010) 		−0.004
(0.011) 		0.052**
(0.020) 		0.026
(0.018) 		0.000
(0.023) 
 Year 2020 × Female × September 0.014
(0.013) 		0.051**
(0.010) 		0.017
(0.011) 		0.085**
(0.019) 		0.059**
(0.018) 		0.038
(0.022) 
 Year 2020 × Female × October 0.000
(0.012) 		0.007
(0.009) 		−0.002
(0.010) 		0.038*
(0.018) 		0.016
(0.017) 		0.003
(0.021) 
 Year 2020 × Female × November −0.009
(0.012) 		0.022*
(0.009) 		0.005
(0.010) 		0.050**
(0.019) 		0.010
(0.017) 		0.012
(0.020) 
 Year 2020 × Female × December −0.022
(0.012) 		0.019*
(0.009) 		−0.008
(0.011) 		0.043*
(0.019) 		0.003
(0.017) 		0.014
(0.021) 
Month Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Year Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Year 2020 × Month Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Female × Month Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Constant 0.609**
(0.005) 		0.657**
(0.003) 		0.642**
(0.004) 		0.583**
(0.007) 		0.643**
(0.006) 		0.655**
(0.008) 
Persons 121,266 152,190 150,855 47,398 53,505 32,138 
Person-months 427,402 600,470 541,000 172,734 196,742 117,396 
R2 .7218 .7190 .7245 .7369 .7264 .7234 
By Marital StatusBy Age of Child
UnmarriedMarriedNo Child or >18 Years0–4 Years5–12 Years13–18 Years
Year 2020 × Female × Month       
 Year 2020 × Female × January 0.008
(0.012) 		0.008
(0.008) 		−0.006
(0.010) 		0.034*
(0.017) 		0.012
(0.016) 		0.017
(0.021) 
 Year 2020 × Female × February 0.032**
(0.012) 		0.004
(0.008) 		0.022*
(0.010) 		0.025
(0.017) 		0.000
(0.016) 		0.006
(0.020) 
 Year 2020 × Female × March 0.032**
(0.012) 		0.011
(0.009) 		0.018
(0.010) 		0.025
(0.018) 		0.025
(0.016) 		0.019
(0.021) 
 Year 2020 × Female × April 0.038**
(0.013) 		0.044**
(0.009) 		0.027*
(0.011) 		0.084**
(0.019) 		0.057**
(0.018) 		0.029
(0.023) 
 Year 2020 × Female × May 0.019
(0.013) 		0.022*
(0.009) 		0.013
(0.011) 		0.066**
(0.019) 		0.013
(0.017) 		0.009
(0.022) 
 Year 2020 × Female × June 0.010
(0.013) 		0.011
(0.009) 		0.009
(0.011) 		0.041*
(0.019) 		−0.007
(0.017) 		0.003
(0.024) 
 Year 2020 × Female × July 0.006
(0.013) 		0.017
(0.001) 		0.012
(0.011) 		0.045*
(0.020) 		0.000
(0.018) 		−0.018
(0.024) 
 Year 2020 × Female × August −0.002
(0.013) 		0.014
(0.010) 		−0.004
(0.011) 		0.052**
(0.020) 		0.026
(0.018) 		0.000
(0.023) 
 Year 2020 × Female × September 0.014
(0.013) 		0.051**
(0.010) 		0.017
(0.011) 		0.085**
(0.019) 		0.059**
(0.018) 		0.038
(0.022) 
 Year 2020 × Female × October 0.000
(0.012) 		0.007
(0.009) 		−0.002
(0.010) 		0.038*
(0.018) 		0.016
(0.017) 		0.003
(0.021) 
 Year 2020 × Female × November −0.009
(0.012) 		0.022*
(0.009) 		0.005
(0.010) 		0.050**
(0.019) 		0.010
(0.017) 		0.012
(0.020) 
 Year 2020 × Female × December −0.022
(0.012) 		0.019*
(0.009) 		−0.008
(0.011) 		0.043*
(0.019) 		0.003
(0.017) 		0.014
(0.021) 
Month Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Year Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Year 2020 × Month Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Female × Month Fixed Effects Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 
Constant 0.609**
(0.005) 		0.657**
(0.003) 		0.642**
(0.004) 		0.583**
(0.007) 		0.643**
(0.006) 		0.655**
(0.008) 
Persons 121,266 152,190 150,855 47,398 53,505 32,138 
Person-months 427,402 600,470 541,000 172,734 196,742 117,396 
R2 .7218 .7190 .7245 .7369 .7264 .7234 
*

p < .05; **p < .01 (two-tailed tests)

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