Duke University Press

Table 3

Decomposition analysis for various outcome variables, with bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals shown in brackets

	Outcome
	Bachelor's Degree	High School Completion	Years of Education
Sons
Maternal education gap D in 1979	0.476	0.257	3.43
Change in gap ∆D	0.025	−0.070	0.46
Eq. (5a): changing intercept	0.088	−0.075^*	0.48
	[−0.003, 0.168]	[−0.141, −0.005]	[−0.07, 1.05]
Eq. (5b): changing prevalence	−0.030^*	0.004	−0.08
	[−0.045, −0.015]	[−0.009, 0.013]	[−0.18, 0.01]
Eq. (5c): changing prevalence by SES	0.021^*	0.006^*	0.15^*
	[0.010, 0.034]	[0.001, 0.013]	[0.07, 0.26]
Eq. (5d): changing penalties	0.022^*	−0.013^*	0.17^*
	[0.003, 0.041]	[−0.028, −0.001]	[0.04, 0.29]
Eq. (5e): changing penalties by SES	−0.075^*	0.007	−0.26
	[−0.129, −0.016]	[−0.038, 0.055]	[−0.58, 0.07]
Total contribution, (5b) – (5e)	−0.063	−0.005	−0.02
Total contribution as % of gap D in 1979	−13.2	−1.8	−0.1
Daughters
Maternal education gap D in 1979	0.461	0.227	3.24
Change in gap ∆D	0.125	−0.064	0.84
Eq. (5a): changing intercept	0.056	−0.114^*	0.22
	[−0.034, 0.156]	[−0.166, −0.059]	[−0.29, 0.83]
Eq. (5b): changing prevalence	−0.025^*	0.024^*	0.01
	[−0.042, −0.008]	[0.012, 0.036]	[−0.08, 0.11]
Eq. (5c): changing prevalence by SES	0.025^*	0.014^*	0.16^*
	[0.009, 0.043]	[0.006, 0.024]	[0.07, 0.28]
Eq. (5d): changing penalties	0.009	0.010	0.05
	[−0.020, 0.035]	[−0.012, 0.036]	[−0.13, 0.24]
Eq. (5e): changing penalties by SES	0.061	0.003	0.39^*
	[−0.002, 0.128]	[−0.044, 0.047]	[0.03, 0.79]
Total contribution, (5b) – (5e)	0.070	0.066	0.62
Total contribution as % of gap D in 1979	15.2	22.2	19.1

	Outcome
	Bachelor's Degree	High School Completion	Years of Education
Sons
Maternal education gap D in 1979	0.476	0.257	3.43
Change in gap ∆D	0.025	−0.070	0.46
Eq. (5a): changing intercept	0.088	−0.075^*	0.48
	[−0.003, 0.168]	[−0.141, −0.005]	[−0.07, 1.05]
Eq. (5b): changing prevalence	−0.030^*	0.004	−0.08
	[−0.045, −0.015]	[−0.009, 0.013]	[−0.18, 0.01]
Eq. (5c): changing prevalence by SES	0.021^*	0.006^*	0.15^*
	[0.010, 0.034]	[0.001, 0.013]	[0.07, 0.26]
Eq. (5d): changing penalties	0.022^*	−0.013^*	0.17^*
	[0.003, 0.041]	[−0.028, −0.001]	[0.04, 0.29]
Eq. (5e): changing penalties by SES	−0.075^*	0.007	−0.26
	[−0.129, −0.016]	[−0.038, 0.055]	[−0.58, 0.07]
Total contribution, (5b) – (5e)	−0.063	−0.005	−0.02
Total contribution as % of gap D in 1979	−13.2	−1.8	−0.1
Daughters
Maternal education gap D in 1979	0.461	0.227	3.24
Change in gap ∆D	0.125	−0.064	0.84
Eq. (5a): changing intercept	0.056	−0.114^*	0.22
	[−0.034, 0.156]	[−0.166, −0.059]	[−0.29, 0.83]
Eq. (5b): changing prevalence	−0.025^*	0.024^*	0.01
	[−0.042, −0.008]	[0.012, 0.036]	[−0.08, 0.11]
Eq. (5c): changing prevalence by SES	0.025^*	0.014^*	0.16^*
	[0.009, 0.043]	[0.006, 0.024]	[0.07, 0.28]
Eq. (5d): changing penalties	0.009	0.010	0.05
	[−0.020, 0.035]	[−0.012, 0.036]	[−0.13, 0.24]
Eq. (5e): changing penalties by SES	0.061	0.003	0.39^*
	[−0.002, 0.128]	[−0.044, 0.047]	[0.03, 0.79]
Total contribution, (5b) – (5e)	0.070	0.066	0.62
Total contribution as % of gap D in 1979	15.2	22.2	19.1

Notes: Controls included are maternal education, age, region, and ethnicity; ethnicity is excluded in the subsample models. Sample weights are included. D is the difference in outcomes between individuals with higher educated mothers and those with lower educated mothers in 1979; ∆D is the absolute change in D between the 1997 and 1979 cohorts. (5a) = intercept effect; (5b) = difference due to the average change in prevalence of family structures; (5c) = difference due to the change in socioeconomic prevalence differences; (5d) = difference due to the change over time in average penalties; and (5e) = difference due to the change in the socioeconomic difference in penalties. SES = socioeconomic status.

^*p < .05

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