Table 5 Regression coefficients from...

Table 5

Regression coefficients from instrumental variable models predicting standardized composite score, Mexicans aged 50+

	Composite Cognition Score
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Child's Characteristics
Years of schooling of the highest-educated child	0.076^*	0.076^*	0.074^*
	(0.031)	(0.031)	(0.032)
Child's age in 2012	0.010^†	0.010^†	0.010^†
	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Child's age in 2012, squared	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Son	0.012	0.011	0.010
	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)
Demographic Characteristics
Own years of schooling	0.033^**	0.033^**	0.030^**
	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.009)
Number of children	−0.012^***	−0.012^***	−0.011^***
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.003)
Own age in 2012	0.027^†	0.027^†	0.027^*
	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Own age in 2012, squared	−0.000^***	−0.000^***	−0.000^***
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Male	0.013	0.013	−0.006
	(0.023)	(0.022)	(0.030)
Marital status (ref. = married)
Widowed	−0.001	0.001	0.002
	(0.022)	(0.024)	(0.023)
Divorced, separated, never married	0.012	0.014	0.015
	(0.024)	(0.026)	(0.025)
Speaks an indigenous dialect	−0.129^***	−0.131^***	−0.115^***
	(0.029)	(0.026)	(0.025)
Locality (ref. = 100,000+)
15,000–99,999		−0.003	0.001
		(0.021)	(0.020)
2,500–14,999		−0.013	−0.009
		(0.028)	(0.026)
<2,500		0.028	0.031
		(0.059)	(0.055)
Early-Life Characteristics
Height in cm			0.002^†
			(0.001)
Mother's education (ref. = no education)
Incomplete elementary education			0.039^*
			(0.018)
Elementary education			−0.009
			(0.028)
Beyond elementary education			−0.007
			(0.035)
Father's education (ref. = no education)
Incomplete elementary education			0.024
			(0.020)
Elementary education			0.049^*
			(0.025)
Beyond elementary education			0.060^*
			(0.030)
No toilet in household prior to age 10			−0.013
			(0.014)
Often went to bed hungry prior to age 10			0.016
			(0.019)
Did not wear shoes regularly prior to age 10			−0.007
			(0.017)
Self/siblings had to drop out of school to support family prior to age 10			−0.012
			(0.014)
Self/family member slept in the same room used to prepare food prior to age 10			0.000
			(0.020)
Family received financial assistance prior to age 10			−0.019
			(0.020)
Constant	−1.334^***	−1.364^***	−1.655^***
	(0.310)	(0.303)	(0.347)
Number of Observations	8,968	8,968	8,968

	Composite Cognition Score
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Child's Characteristics
Years of schooling of the highest-educated child	0.076^*	0.076^*	0.074^*
	(0.031)	(0.031)	(0.032)
Child's age in 2012	0.010^†	0.010^†	0.010^†
	(0.006)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Child's age in 2012, squared	−0.000	−0.000	−0.000
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Son	0.012	0.011	0.010
	(0.012)	(0.012)	(0.012)
Demographic Characteristics
Own years of schooling	0.033^**	0.033^**	0.030^**
	(0.012)	(0.011)	(0.009)
Number of children	−0.012^***	−0.012^***	−0.011^***
	(0.003)	(0.003)	(0.003)
Own age in 2012	0.027^†	0.027^†	0.027^*
	(0.015)	(0.014)	(0.014)
Own age in 2012, squared	−0.000^***	−0.000^***	−0.000^***
	(0.000)	(0.000)	(0.000)
Male	0.013	0.013	−0.006
	(0.023)	(0.022)	(0.030)
Marital status (ref. = married)
Widowed	−0.001	0.001	0.002
	(0.022)	(0.024)	(0.023)
Divorced, separated, never married	0.012	0.014	0.015
	(0.024)	(0.026)	(0.025)
Speaks an indigenous dialect	−0.129^***	−0.131^***	−0.115^***
	(0.029)	(0.026)	(0.025)
Locality (ref. = 100,000+)
15,000–99,999		−0.003	0.001
		(0.021)	(0.020)
2,500–14,999		−0.013	−0.009
		(0.028)	(0.026)
<2,500		0.028	0.031
		(0.059)	(0.055)
Early-Life Characteristics
Height in cm			0.002^†
			(0.001)
Mother's education (ref. = no education)
Incomplete elementary education			0.039^*
			(0.018)
Elementary education			−0.009
			(0.028)
Beyond elementary education			−0.007
			(0.035)
Father's education (ref. = no education)
Incomplete elementary education			0.024
			(0.020)
Elementary education			0.049^*
			(0.025)
Beyond elementary education			0.060^*
			(0.030)
No toilet in household prior to age 10			−0.013
			(0.014)
Often went to bed hungry prior to age 10			0.016
			(0.019)
Did not wear shoes regularly prior to age 10			−0.007
			(0.017)
Self/siblings had to drop out of school to support family prior to age 10			−0.012
			(0.014)
Self/family member slept in the same room used to prepare food prior to age 10			0.000
			(0.020)
Family received financial assistance prior to age 10			−0.019
			(0.020)
Constant	−1.334^***	−1.364^***	−1.655^***
	(0.310)	(0.303)	(0.347)
Number of Observations	8,968	8,968	8,968

Notes: Robust standard errors are shown in parentheses.

Source: Mexican Health and Aging Study, 2012.

^†p < .10; ^*p < .05; ^**p < .01; ^***p < .001

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