Duke University Press

Table 5

Average marginal effects (in percentages) and standard errors from logistic regression models of children's later-life educational outcomes

Variables	High School Grade Retention	Academic High School Track Choice	High School Graduation (by age 19)	College Enrollment (by age 19)
Parental Sex Composition (ref. = different-sex-parented family)
Same-sex-parented family	−3.45	21.61^***	1.47^*	11.20^*
	(3.47)	(3.11)	(0.59)	(4.75)
Family Sociodemographic Controls^a	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Socioeconomic Status Controls^b	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Family Dynamics Controls^c	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
n	1,812,466	1,812,466	2,102,945	2,102,945
Pseudo-R²	.034	.125	.266	.179

Variables	High School Grade Retention	Academic High School Track Choice	High School Graduation (by age 19)	College Enrollment (by age 19)
Parental Sex Composition (ref. = different-sex-parented family)
Same-sex-parented family	−3.45	21.61^***	1.47^*	11.20^*
	(3.47)	(3.11)	(0.59)	(4.75)
Family Sociodemographic Controls^a	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Socioeconomic Status Controls^b	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Family Dynamics Controls^c	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
n	1,812,466	1,812,466	2,102,945	2,102,945
Pseudo-R²	.034	.125	.266	.179

Notes: The analyses use linked administrative register data from the Netherlands (2005–2017) for children living in two-parent families when attending secondary school (by age 15 for the first two models, and by age 17 for the latter two models). Table S10 in the online appendix shows the full set of regression coefficients.

Parental immigration, ethnic background, marital status, and birth cohort; household residential characteristics; and child's sex and adoptee status.

Parental education, employment, disability, and income.

Number of residential moves since birth, number of changes in family structure since birth, and household structure at birth.

p < .05; ^***p < .001

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