Duke University Press

Table 3

Logistic regression of death in the next year, with variants on the marital-status main effect and marital status by age interaction specifications, ages 25+ and ages 65+

	Women				Men
			p Value	p Value			p Value	p Value	p Value
			Status vs.	Status vs.			Status vs.	Status vs.	Men vs.
	Estimate	Estimate	Divorced/Separated	Never-Married	Estimate	Estimate	Divorced/Separated	Never-Married	Women
1. All Ages 25 and Older
a. No age interaction
Unmarried	0.1271**				0.2858**				.003
Unmarried	(0.0400)				(0.0358)
Odds ratio	1.14				1.33
Divorced or separated		0.1748**	—	.238		0.4063**	—	.199	.005
Divorced or separated		(0.0628)				(0.0543)
Odds ratio		1.19				1.50
Widowed		0.1211**	.399	.511		0.1910**	.002	.122	.289
Widowed		(0.0437)				(0.0495)
Odds ratio		1.13				1.21
Never-married		0.0696	.238	—		0.3094**	.199	—	.018
Never-married		(0.0792)				(0.0638)
Odds ratio		1.07				1.36
b. Age interaction with unmarried (ref. = age 25)
Divorced or separated		0.2401*	—	.891		0.5160**	—	.759	.170
Divorced or separated		(0.0936)				(0.0764)
Odds ratio		1.27				1.68
Widowed		0.4314**	.100	.175		0.7502**	.129	.088	.113
Widowed		(0.0994)				(0.1445)
Odds ratio		1.54				2.12
Never-married		0.2563*	.891	—		0.4891**	.759	—	.176
Never-married		(0.1091)				(0.0745)
Odds ratio		1.29				1.63
Age × Divorced or separated		−0.0032	—	.122		−0.0057	—	.040	.666
Age × Divorced or separated		(0.0044)				(0.0038)
Age × Widowed		−0.0129**	.039	.693		−0.0206**	.011	.315	.211
Age × Widowed		(0.0036)				(0.0049)
Age × Never-married		−0.0111*	.122	—		−0.0150**	.040	—	.488
Age × Never-married		(0.0044)				(0.0035)
2. Ages 65 and Older Only
a. No age interaction with
Unmarried	0.1456**				0.1885**				.498
Unmarried	(0.0463)				(0.0430)
Odds ratio	1.16				1.21
Divorced or separated		0.2732**	—	.023		0.3649**	—	.029	.409
Divorced or separated		(0.0816)				(0.0752)
Odds ratio		1.31				1.44
Widowed		0.1377**	.082	.170		0.1406**	.008	.811	.967
		(0.0480)				(0.0518)
Odds ratio		1.15				1.15
Never-married		0.0056	.023	—		0.1166	.029	—	.418
		(0.1010)				(0.0928)
Odds ratio		1.01				1.12
b. Age interaction with unmarried (ref. = age 65)
Unmarried	0.3463**				0.3949**				.756
	(0.0859)				(0.0837)
Odds ratio	1.41				1.48
Age × Unmarried	−0.0177**				−0.0162**				.860
	(0.0063)				(0.0057)
Divorced or Separated		0.4683**	—	.140		0.4988**	—	.220	.956
		(0.1472)				(0.1294)
Odds ratio		1.60				1.65
Widowed		0.3359**	.353	.302		0.3511**	.346	.621	.962
		(0.0905)				(0.1123)
Odds ratio		1.40				1.42
Never-married		0.1248	.140	—		0.2601	.220	—	.656
		(0.2075)				(0.1617)
Odds ratio		1.13				1.30
Age × Divorced or separated		−0.0188	—	.660		−0.0130	—	.996	.717
		(0.0115)				(0.0110)
Age × Widowed		−0.0171**	.873	.678		−0.0148*	.885	.892	.804
		(0.0065)				(0.0069)
Age × Never-married		−0.0121	.660	—		−0.0129	.996	—	.964
		(0.0127)				(0.0125)
Sample N	68,358				47,938
Number of Deaths	2,863				2,921

	Women				Men
			p Value	p Value			p Value	p Value	p Value
			Status vs.	Status vs.			Status vs.	Status vs.	Men vs.
	Estimate	Estimate	Divorced/Separated	Never-Married	Estimate	Estimate	Divorced/Separated	Never-Married	Women
1. All Ages 25 and Older
a. No age interaction
Unmarried	0.1271**				0.2858**				.003
Unmarried	(0.0400)				(0.0358)
Odds ratio	1.14				1.33
Divorced or separated		0.1748**	—	.238		0.4063**	—	.199	.005
Divorced or separated		(0.0628)				(0.0543)
Odds ratio		1.19				1.50
Widowed		0.1211**	.399	.511		0.1910**	.002	.122	.289
Widowed		(0.0437)				(0.0495)
Odds ratio		1.13				1.21
Never-married		0.0696	.238	—		0.3094**	.199	—	.018
Never-married		(0.0792)				(0.0638)
Odds ratio		1.07				1.36
b. Age interaction with unmarried (ref. = age 25)
Divorced or separated		0.2401*	—	.891		0.5160**	—	.759	.170
Divorced or separated		(0.0936)				(0.0764)
Odds ratio		1.27				1.68
Widowed		0.4314**	.100	.175		0.7502**	.129	.088	.113
Widowed		(0.0994)				(0.1445)
Odds ratio		1.54				2.12
Never-married		0.2563*	.891	—		0.4891**	.759	—	.176
Never-married		(0.1091)				(0.0745)
Odds ratio		1.29				1.63
Age × Divorced or separated		−0.0032	—	.122		−0.0057	—	.040	.666
Age × Divorced or separated		(0.0044)				(0.0038)
Age × Widowed		−0.0129**	.039	.693		−0.0206**	.011	.315	.211
Age × Widowed		(0.0036)				(0.0049)
Age × Never-married		−0.0111*	.122	—		−0.0150**	.040	—	.488
Age × Never-married		(0.0044)				(0.0035)
2. Ages 65 and Older Only
a. No age interaction with
Unmarried	0.1456**				0.1885**				.498
Unmarried	(0.0463)				(0.0430)
Odds ratio	1.16				1.21
Divorced or separated		0.2732**	—	.023		0.3649**	—	.029	.409
Divorced or separated		(0.0816)				(0.0752)
Odds ratio		1.31				1.44
Widowed		0.1377**	.082	.170		0.1406**	.008	.811	.967
		(0.0480)				(0.0518)
Odds ratio		1.15				1.15
Never-married		0.0056	.023	—		0.1166	.029	—	.418
		(0.1010)				(0.0928)
Odds ratio		1.01				1.12
b. Age interaction with unmarried (ref. = age 65)
Unmarried	0.3463**				0.3949**				.756
	(0.0859)				(0.0837)
Odds ratio	1.41				1.48
Age × Unmarried	−0.0177**				−0.0162**				.860
	(0.0063)				(0.0057)
Divorced or Separated		0.4683**	—	.140		0.4988**	—	.220	.956
		(0.1472)				(0.1294)
Odds ratio		1.60				1.65
Widowed		0.3359**	.353	.302		0.3511**	.346	.621	.962
		(0.0905)				(0.1123)
Odds ratio		1.40				1.42
Never-married		0.1248	.140	—		0.2601	.220	—	.656
		(0.2075)				(0.1617)
Odds ratio		1.13				1.30
Age × Divorced or separated		−0.0188	—	.660		−0.0130	—	.996	.717
		(0.0115)				(0.0110)
Age × Widowed		−0.0171**	.873	.678		−0.0148*	.885	.892	.804
		(0.0065)				(0.0069)
Age × Never-married		−0.0121	.660	—		−0.0129	.996	—	.964
		(0.0127)				(0.0125)
Sample N	68,358				47,938
Number of Deaths	2,863				2,921

Notes: Numbers in parentheses are standard errors. Control variables for the “age 25 and older” models are identical to those of Model 3 in Table 2; control variables for the “age 65 and older” models are as for Model 3 in Table 2, except that omitted are those variables not applying after age 65 (the disability variables, working < age 55, and earnings for ages 25–40 and 41–61).

Source: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) 1984, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1996 panels, matched to the Social Security Administration Detailed Earnings Record, Summary Earnings Record, Master Beneficiary Record, Supplemental Security Record, and Death Master File.

*p < .05; **p < .01

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