Impact of selected covariates on markers of gender performance
| . | External . | Internal . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Purdaha . | Family Outinga . | Men and Women Eat Togethera . | Primary Decision Makerb . | |||||
| Variable . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . |
| Muslim | –2.09 | –23.01** | –0.48 | –8.45** | 0.35 | 5.77** | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| No Husband in the Household | –0.38 | –3.24** | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 3.09** | 0.50 | 6.65** |
| Not Married | 0.82 | 4.18** | –1.16 | –6.50** | –0.13 | –0.63 | 1.42 | 13.64** |
| Husband’s Education | –0.02 | –4.35** | 0.03 | 5.31** | 0.01 | 2.71** | 0.00 | –0.90 |
| Husband in Salaried Job | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 1.18 | 0.24 | 5.10** | 0.01 | 0.57 |
| No. of Persons in the Household | –0.08 | –3.61** | –0.06 | –3.07** | –0.10 | –4.28** | –0.05 | –6.54** |
| No. of Married Women in the Household | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.99 | –0.36 | –5.18** | –0.15 | –5.47** |
| Place of Residence (omitted category: metropolitan city) | ||||||||
| Other urban | 0.01 | 0.10 | –0.44 | –5.59** | –0.65 | –8.00** | 0.02 | 0.54 |
| More-developed village | –0.56 | –6.03** | –0.78 | –8.89** | –0.92 | –10.12** | –0.06 | –1.50 |
| Less-developed village | –0.43 | –4.62** | –0.71 | –7.93** | –0.98 | –10.60** | –0.08 | –2.20* |
| Household Cultivates Land | –0.07 | –1.41 | –0.08 | –1.59 | 0.06 | 1.25 | –0.12 | –4.12** |
| Log of Total Income | 0.08 | 2.96** | 0.19 | 7.54** | 0.01 | 0.57 | –0.02 | –1.66 |
| Income Less Than 0 | 0.23 | 0.74 | 1.74 | 5.61** | –0.13 | –0.47 | –0.07 | –0.46 |
| Woman’s Age | 0.02 | 5.86** | –0.01 | –5.19** | 0.00 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 11.86** |
| No. of Children Living With the Respondent | 0.03 | 0.98 | 0.03 | 1.19 | 0.03 | 1.17 | 0.05 | 4.35** |
| Woman’s Years of Education | 0.05 | 9.07** | 0.08 | 14.45** | 0.03 | 4.76** | 0.00 | 1.57 |
| Constant | –0.31 | –0.88 | –0.77 | –2.49* | 2.04 | 6.57** | 1.84 | 11.83** |
| N | 29,741 | 29,679 | 29,735 | 27,883 | ||||
| Chi-Square (df = 37) | 6,586 | 2,856 | 4,046 | |||||
| R2 | 0.2705 | |||||||
| Predicted Probability of Gendered Behavior | ||||||||
| Hindu | .49 | .55 | .50 | 1.45 | ||||
| Muslim | .11 | .43 | .59 | 1.45 | ||||
| . | External . | Internal . | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Purdaha . | Family Outinga . | Men and Women Eat Togethera . | Primary Decision Makerb . | |||||
| Variable . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . | Coef. . | Z Statistic . |
| Muslim | –2.09 | –23.01** | –0.48 | –8.45** | 0.35 | 5.77** | 0.00 | 0.03 |
| No Husband in the Household | –0.38 | –3.24** | 0.04 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 3.09** | 0.50 | 6.65** |
| Not Married | 0.82 | 4.18** | –1.16 | –6.50** | –0.13 | –0.63 | 1.42 | 13.64** |
| Husband’s Education | –0.02 | –4.35** | 0.03 | 5.31** | 0.01 | 2.71** | 0.00 | –0.90 |
| Husband in Salaried Job | 0.02 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 1.18 | 0.24 | 5.10** | 0.01 | 0.57 |
| No. of Persons in the Household | –0.08 | –3.61** | –0.06 | –3.07** | –0.10 | –4.28** | –0.05 | –6.54** |
| No. of Married Women in the Household | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.99 | –0.36 | –5.18** | –0.15 | –5.47** |
| Place of Residence (omitted category: metropolitan city) | ||||||||
| Other urban | 0.01 | 0.10 | –0.44 | –5.59** | –0.65 | –8.00** | 0.02 | 0.54 |
| More-developed village | –0.56 | –6.03** | –0.78 | –8.89** | –0.92 | –10.12** | –0.06 | –1.50 |
| Less-developed village | –0.43 | –4.62** | –0.71 | –7.93** | –0.98 | –10.60** | –0.08 | –2.20* |
| Household Cultivates Land | –0.07 | –1.41 | –0.08 | –1.59 | 0.06 | 1.25 | –0.12 | –4.12** |
| Log of Total Income | 0.08 | 2.96** | 0.19 | 7.54** | 0.01 | 0.57 | –0.02 | –1.66 |
| Income Less Than 0 | 0.23 | 0.74 | 1.74 | 5.61** | –0.13 | –0.47 | –0.07 | –0.46 |
| Woman’s Age | 0.02 | 5.86** | –0.01 | –5.19** | 0.00 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 11.86** |
| No. of Children Living With the Respondent | 0.03 | 0.98 | 0.03 | 1.19 | 0.03 | 1.17 | 0.05 | 4.35** |
| Woman’s Years of Education | 0.05 | 9.07** | 0.08 | 14.45** | 0.03 | 4.76** | 0.00 | 1.57 |
| Constant | –0.31 | –0.88 | –0.77 | –2.49* | 2.04 | 6.57** | 1.84 | 11.83** |
| N | 29,741 | 29,679 | 29,735 | 27,883 | ||||
| Chi-Square (df = 37) | 6,586 | 2,856 | 4,046 | |||||
| R2 | 0.2705 | |||||||
| Predicted Probability of Gendered Behavior | ||||||||
| Hindu | .49 | .55 | .50 | 1.45 | ||||
| Muslim | .11 | .43 | .59 | 1.45 | ||||
Notes: All models include dummy variables for state of residence (not presented in the table). Predicted probability of gendered behavior is from regressions holding all other variables at their mean values.
aCoefficients are from logistic regression.
bCoefficients are from linear regression.
*p < .05; **p < .01