Duke University Press

Table 1

Mothers’ characteristics and program participation at entry to W-2

	Total		Experimental		Control
	N	Weighted %	N	Weighted %	N	Weighted %
Age (p = .1611)
<20 years	91	12.6	53	15.3	38	10.1
20–29 years	370	55.7	161	52.5	209	58.4
30–39 years	173	26.6	88	28.0	85	25.6
40 years and older	38	5.1	15	4.2	23	5.9
Race (p = .2000)
White	196	24.1	84	21.2	112	27.0
Black	425	66.3	205	68.1	220	64.6
Hispanic	30	5.8	15	5.6	15	6.0
Other	21	3.8	13	5.2	8	2.4
Education (p = .7490)
Less than high school	338	53.6	165	55.0	173	51.9
High school	257	36.8	119	35.8	138	38.1
More than high school	77	9.6	33	9.2	44	10.0
Number of Children (p = .1129)
0 (pregnant at entry to W-2)	11	0.9	4	0.6	7	1.3
1	249	34.9	120	35.5	129	34.2
2	187	27.9	76	24.2	111	31.4
3 or more	225	36.3	117	39.7	108	33.1
Age of Youngest Child (p = .3211)
0–2 years (includes those pregnant at entry)	401	57.8	190	58.9	211	56.9
3–5 years	115	17.7	59	19.1	56	16.5
6–12 years	127	20.3	52	17.2	75	23.1
13–17 years	29	4.2	16	4.8	13	3.6
Number of (legal) Fathers (p = .7899)
0	182	25.0	86	19.7	96	24.3
1	369	56.0	169	54.6	200	57.4
2	121	19.0	62	25.7	59	18.3
County (p = .5345)
Milwaukee	474	76.3	226	77.0	248	75.8
Other Urban	121	15.3	51	13.8	70	16.6
Rural	77	8.4	40	9.2	37	7.7
Number of Months of AFDC Receipt in Prior 24 months (p = .5017)
No AFDC	150	13.5	66	12.7	84	14.3
1–18 months	238	32.4	110	30.8	128	33.8
19–24 months	284	54.1	141	56.4	143	51.9
Quarters Employed of the 8 Quarters Before Entry (p = .1230)
0 quarters	84	15.1	38	14.7	46	15.5
1–4 quarters	250	43.1	107	38.7	143	47.2
5–7 quarters	215	29.4	112	33.5	103	25.5
8 quarters	123	12.5	60	13.1	63	11.8
Child Support Order/Payments on Behalf of Family in Prior 12 months (p = .7061)
No order	281	41.3	131	42.3	150	40.5
Order but no child support paid	237	36.1	111	35	126	36.9
$1–999 CS paid	82	12.5	42	13.6	40	11.4
$1,000 or more CS paid	72	10.1	33	9.1	39	11.2

	Total		Experimental		Control
	N	Weighted %	N	Weighted %	N	Weighted %
Age (p = .1611)
<20 years	91	12.6	53	15.3	38	10.1
20–29 years	370	55.7	161	52.5	209	58.4
30–39 years	173	26.6	88	28.0	85	25.6
40 years and older	38	5.1	15	4.2	23	5.9
Race (p = .2000)
White	196	24.1	84	21.2	112	27.0
Black	425	66.3	205	68.1	220	64.6
Hispanic	30	5.8	15	5.6	15	6.0
Other	21	3.8	13	5.2	8	2.4
Education (p = .7490)
Less than high school	338	53.6	165	55.0	173	51.9
High school	257	36.8	119	35.8	138	38.1
More than high school	77	9.6	33	9.2	44	10.0
Number of Children (p = .1129)
0 (pregnant at entry to W-2)	11	0.9	4	0.6	7	1.3
1	249	34.9	120	35.5	129	34.2
2	187	27.9	76	24.2	111	31.4
3 or more	225	36.3	117	39.7	108	33.1
Age of Youngest Child (p = .3211)
0–2 years (includes those pregnant at entry)	401	57.8	190	58.9	211	56.9
3–5 years	115	17.7	59	19.1	56	16.5
6–12 years	127	20.3	52	17.2	75	23.1
13–17 years	29	4.2	16	4.8	13	3.6
Number of (legal) Fathers (p = .7899)
0	182	25.0	86	19.7	96	24.3
1	369	56.0	169	54.6	200	57.4
2	121	19.0	62	25.7	59	18.3
County (p = .5345)
Milwaukee	474	76.3	226	77.0	248	75.8
Other Urban	121	15.3	51	13.8	70	16.6
Rural	77	8.4	40	9.2	37	7.7
Number of Months of AFDC Receipt in Prior 24 months (p = .5017)
No AFDC	150	13.5	66	12.7	84	14.3
1–18 months	238	32.4	110	30.8	128	33.8
19–24 months	284	54.1	141	56.4	143	51.9
Quarters Employed of the 8 Quarters Before Entry (p = .1230)
0 quarters	84	15.1	38	14.7	46	15.5
1–4 quarters	250	43.1	107	38.7	143	47.2
5–7 quarters	215	29.4	112	33.5	103	25.5
8 quarters	123	12.5	60	13.1	63	11.8
Child Support Order/Payments on Behalf of Family in Prior 12 months (p = .7061)
No order	281	41.3	131	42.3	150	40.5
Order but no child support paid	237	36.1	111	35	126	36.9
$1–999 CS paid	82	12.5	42	13.6	40	11.4
$1,000 or more CS paid	72	10.1	33	9.1	39	11.2

Notes: The p values for a Pearson χ² test of the difference between the experimental and control group are in parentheses.

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