Table 3 Child-woman ratios (children...

Table 3

Child-woman ratios (children aged 0–4 per married-spouse-present woman aged 15–54) by social class of husband and spatial autocorrelation measures, England and Wales, 1851–1911

Husband’s Social Class	1851	1861	1881	1891	1901	1911
Child-Woman Ratios (CWR)
Upper and middle classes	0.801	0.812	0.832	0.697	0.564	0.491
Skilled nonmanual	0.784	0.784	0.809	0.727	0.637	0.561
Skilled manual	0.857	0.847	0.923	0.841	0.747	0.657
Semiskilled manual	0.865	0.862	0.915	0.838	0.751	0.660
Unskilled	0.830	0.840	0.881	0.862	0.818	0.772
Textile workers	0.826	0.806	0.829	0.760	0.636	0.536
Miners	1.032	1.003	1.036	0.997	0.961	0.915
Agricultural laborers	0.931	0.901	0.925	0.890	0.828	0.748
Total	0.845	0.835	0.878	0.814	0.731	0.655
Moran’s I of CWRs
Upper and middle classes	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.03	0.11	0.13
Skilled nonmanual	0.28	0.26	0.22	0.23	0.30	0.33
Skilled manual	0.27	0.23	0.23	0.18	0.21	0.29
Semiskilled manual	0.16	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.23	0.31
Unskilled	0.13	0.12	0.18	0.22	0.15	0.21
Total	0.52	0.48	0.51	0.50	0.53	0.60

Husband’s Social Class	1851	1861	1881	1891	1901	1911
Child-Woman Ratios (CWR)
Upper and middle classes	0.801	0.812	0.832	0.697	0.564	0.491
Skilled nonmanual	0.784	0.784	0.809	0.727	0.637	0.561
Skilled manual	0.857	0.847	0.923	0.841	0.747	0.657
Semiskilled manual	0.865	0.862	0.915	0.838	0.751	0.660
Unskilled	0.830	0.840	0.881	0.862	0.818	0.772
Textile workers	0.826	0.806	0.829	0.760	0.636	0.536
Miners	1.032	1.003	1.036	0.997	0.961	0.915
Agricultural laborers	0.931	0.901	0.925	0.890	0.828	0.748
Total	0.845	0.835	0.878	0.814	0.731	0.655
Moran’s I of CWRs
Upper and middle classes	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.03	0.11	0.13
Skilled nonmanual	0.28	0.26	0.22	0.23	0.30	0.33
Skilled manual	0.27	0.23	0.23	0.18	0.21	0.29
Semiskilled manual	0.16	0.14	0.16	0.15	0.23	0.31
Unskilled	0.13	0.12	0.18	0.22	0.15	0.21
Total	0.52	0.48	0.51	0.50	0.53	0.60

Source: Calculated using Schürer and Higgs (2014) and Day (2018b).

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