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Table 4

Twin effect, births

Sample	Expected α, No Control	Expected α, Control	α	SE	N
Pre-Fertility Decline
France, pre-1789	1	0.73^a	1.02	0.07	65,722
England, CAMPOP	1^a	0.75	0.83	0.09	76,239
England, pre-1880	1	0.43^a	0.99	0.12	55,590
Québec	1	0.61^a	1.03	0.05	324,202
Post-Fertility Decline
France, post-1800	1	0.87	0.89	0.12	18,454
England, 1900–1949	1^a	0.60	0.72	0.10	27,399

Sample	Expected α, No Control	Expected α, Control	α	SE	N
Pre-Fertility Decline
France, pre-1789	1	0.73^a	1.02	0.07	65,722
England, CAMPOP	1^a	0.75	0.83	0.09	76,239
England, pre-1880	1	0.43^a	0.99	0.12	55,590
Québec	1	0.61^a	1.03	0.05	324,202
Post-Fertility Decline
France, post-1800	1	0.87	0.89	0.12	18,454
England, 1900–1949	1^a	0.60	0.72	0.10	27,399

^aHypothesized coefficient is rejected at p = .05.