Table 4

Cross-sectional model results, modern contraceptive use for rural and other urban Kaduna and Oyo States: Exposure variable results for three estimation methods

Model a: Individual ExposureModel b: Community ExposureModel c: Correlated Random Effects
Coef.SEMarginSE MarginCoef.SEMarginSE MarginCoef.SEMarginSE Margin
Rural Model Exposures 
  Radio 0.292 0.151 0.030 0.016 1.494** 0.527 0.151 0.053 0.170 0.157 0.017 0.016 
  Outreach 0.526*** 0.150 0.056 0.017 0.469 0.553 0.047 0.056 0.554*** 0.158 0.057 0.017 
  NURHI Badge –0.233 0.326 –0.022 0.029 1.860 1.529 0.188 0.154 –0.282 0.332 –0.026 0.029 
  TV –0.066 0.319 –0.007 0.031 0.102 1.445 0.010 0.146 –0.101 0.330 –0.010 0.031 
  Traveled to NURHI program city 0.367 0.235 0.040 0.028 0.580 1.076 0.059 0.109 0.362 0.245 0.039 0.028 
Other Urban Model Exposures 
  Radio 0.177 0.157 0.022 0.020 0.045 0.656 0.006 0.084 0.147 0.163 0.019 0.020 
  Outreach –0.185 0.143 –0.023 0.018 –2.066** 0.695 –0.264 0.088 –0.053 0.146 –0.007 0.019 
  NURHI Badge 0.590*** 0.164 0.082 0.024 0.149 0.667 0.019 0.085 0.540** 0.170 0.074 0.025 
  TV –0.113 0.142 –0.014 0.018 1.230* 0.709 0.157 0.090 –0.150 0.145 –0.019 0.018 
  Traveled to NURHI program city –0.001 0.189 0.000 0.024 –0.971 1.024 –0.124 0.130 0.083 0.193 0.011 0.025 
Model a: Individual ExposureModel b: Community ExposureModel c: Correlated Random Effects
Coef.SEMarginSE MarginCoef.SEMarginSE MarginCoef.SEMarginSE Margin
Rural Model Exposures 
  Radio 0.292 0.151 0.030 0.016 1.494** 0.527 0.151 0.053 0.170 0.157 0.017 0.016 
  Outreach 0.526*** 0.150 0.056 0.017 0.469 0.553 0.047 0.056 0.554*** 0.158 0.057 0.017 
  NURHI Badge –0.233 0.326 –0.022 0.029 1.860 1.529 0.188 0.154 –0.282 0.332 –0.026 0.029 
  TV –0.066 0.319 –0.007 0.031 0.102 1.445 0.010 0.146 –0.101 0.330 –0.010 0.031 
  Traveled to NURHI program city 0.367 0.235 0.040 0.028 0.580 1.076 0.059 0.109 0.362 0.245 0.039 0.028 
Other Urban Model Exposures 
  Radio 0.177 0.157 0.022 0.020 0.045 0.656 0.006 0.084 0.147 0.163 0.019 0.020 
  Outreach –0.185 0.143 –0.023 0.018 –2.066** 0.695 –0.264 0.088 –0.053 0.146 –0.007 0.019 
  NURHI Badge 0.590*** 0.164 0.082 0.024 0.149 0.667 0.019 0.085 0.540** 0.170 0.074 0.025 
  TV –0.113 0.142 –0.014 0.018 1.230* 0.709 0.157 0.090 –0.150 0.145 –0.019 0.018 
  Traveled to NURHI program city –0.001 0.189 0.000 0.024 –0.971 1.024 –0.124 0.130 0.083 0.193 0.011 0.025 

Notes: Model a shows estimates for individual-level variables. Model b shows estimates for mean community-level variables and average marginal effects. Model c presents within estimates.

p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001

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