Association of education and international travel (1996–2008) with change in attitudes between 1996 and 2008 regarding ideal ages for women and men to marry
| . | Women . | Men . |
|---|---|---|
| . | 1 . | 2 . |
| Potential Mechanisms of Attitude Change | ||
| Travel | ||
| International travel, 1996–2008 | 0.48* | 0.29 |
| (0.25) | (0.29) | |
| Key dimensions of the travel context | ||
| Friends ever travelled outside Nepal/India | 0.44*** | 0.65*** |
| (0.14) | (0.20) | |
| Educational attainment, 1996–2008 | 0.10** | 0.18*** |
| (0.04) | (0.05) | |
| Educational attainment, 1996 | 0.09*** | 0.07* |
| (0.02) | (0.03) | |
| Enrolled in school in 1996 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
| (0.18) | (0.21) | |
| Key dimensions of the education context, 1995 | ||
| % of schools only in English within 1 km | 0.65* | 0.73* |
| (0.31) | (0.38) | |
| Other Key Factors | ||
| Marriage | ||
| Married by 1996 | –0.73** | –0.50 |
| (0.30) | (0.37) | |
| Married by 2008 | –0.92*** | –0.78** |
| (0.25) | (0.28) | |
| Female | 0.63*** | 0.83*** |
| (0.15) | (0.21) | |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||
| Household wealth index, 1996 | 0.07* | 0.11* |
| (0.04) | (0.05) | |
| Work for pay (salary or daily wage), 1996 | –0.02 | –0.25* |
| (0.13) | (0.14) | |
| Ethnicity/caste (ref. = Brahmin/Chhetri) | ||
| Dalit | –0.05 | –0.07 |
| (0.24) | (0.28) | |
| Newar | 0.41* | 0.02 |
| (0.22) | (0.27) | |
| Terai Janajati | –0.14 | –0.22 |
| (0.16) | (0.20) | |
| Hill Janajati | –0.26* | –0.12 |
| (0.15) | (0.18) | |
| Respondent age in 1996 | 0.05* | 0.04 |
| (0.02) | (0.03) | |
| Attitude in 1996: Ideal age women marry | 0.14*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Attitude in 1996: Ideal age men marry | 0.19*** | |
| (0.03) | ||
| Intercept | 17.1*** | 19.8*** |
| (0.60) | (0.77) | |
| N | 1,550 | 1,550 |
| p Value | .00 | .00 |
| Adjusted R2 | 15.3 | 15.9 |
| . | Women . | Men . |
|---|---|---|
| . | 1 . | 2 . |
| Potential Mechanisms of Attitude Change | ||
| Travel | ||
| International travel, 1996–2008 | 0.48* | 0.29 |
| (0.25) | (0.29) | |
| Key dimensions of the travel context | ||
| Friends ever travelled outside Nepal/India | 0.44*** | 0.65*** |
| (0.14) | (0.20) | |
| Educational attainment, 1996–2008 | 0.10** | 0.18*** |
| (0.04) | (0.05) | |
| Educational attainment, 1996 | 0.09*** | 0.07* |
| (0.02) | (0.03) | |
| Enrolled in school in 1996 | 0.22 | 0.24 |
| (0.18) | (0.21) | |
| Key dimensions of the education context, 1995 | ||
| % of schools only in English within 1 km | 0.65* | 0.73* |
| (0.31) | (0.38) | |
| Other Key Factors | ||
| Marriage | ||
| Married by 1996 | –0.73** | –0.50 |
| (0.30) | (0.37) | |
| Married by 2008 | –0.92*** | –0.78** |
| (0.25) | (0.28) | |
| Female | 0.63*** | 0.83*** |
| (0.15) | (0.21) | |
| Socioeconomic factors | ||
| Household wealth index, 1996 | 0.07* | 0.11* |
| (0.04) | (0.05) | |
| Work for pay (salary or daily wage), 1996 | –0.02 | –0.25* |
| (0.13) | (0.14) | |
| Ethnicity/caste (ref. = Brahmin/Chhetri) | ||
| Dalit | –0.05 | –0.07 |
| (0.24) | (0.28) | |
| Newar | 0.41* | 0.02 |
| (0.22) | (0.27) | |
| Terai Janajati | –0.14 | –0.22 |
| (0.16) | (0.20) | |
| Hill Janajati | –0.26* | –0.12 |
| (0.15) | (0.18) | |
| Respondent age in 1996 | 0.05* | 0.04 |
| (0.02) | (0.03) | |
| Attitude in 1996: Ideal age women marry | 0.14*** | |
| (0.02) | ||
| Attitude in 1996: Ideal age men marry | 0.19*** | |
| (0.03) | ||
| Intercept | 17.1*** | 19.8*** |
| (0.60) | (0.77) | |
| N | 1,550 | 1,550 |
| p Value | .00 | .00 |
| Adjusted R2 | 15.3 | 15.9 |
Notes: Each column represents a linear regression model. Standard errors are shown in parentheses.
*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001 (one-tailed tests)