Cox proportional hazard regressions. Relative hazard of reaching parity 2–5 for marriage cohorts 1870–1900 and 1901–1949 in Sweden, Spain, and the Netherlandsa
| Variables . | Categories . | Parity 2 . | Parity 3 . | Parity 4 . | Parity 5 . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| –1899 . | 1900– . | –1899 . | 1900– . | –1899 . | 1900– . | –1899 . | 1900– . | ||
| Socioeconomic Position of the Father at the Time of Marriage (SOCPO) | Unskilled workers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Semiskilled workers | 1.08 | 0.83** | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 0.93 | |
| Skilled workers | 0.96 | 0.83** | 1.06 | 0.89** | 0.97 | 0.89* | 0.99 | 0.95 | |
| Middle class: Farmers | 1.00 | 1.11** | 1.12** | 1.12** | 1.02 | 1.20** | 1.04 | 1.14** | |
| Middle class | 0.90† | 0.75** | 1.00 | 0.84** | 0.88† | 0.86** | 0.92 | 0.88† | |
| Elite | 0.70** | 0.85** | 0.87 | 0.88* | 0.88 | 0.86† | 1.00 | 1.08 | |
| No information | 0.93 | 1.07* | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.01 | |
| Total Number of Child Deaths at Time t | All children alive | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 deceased child | 1.28** | 1.48** | 1.10* | 1.24** | 1.09* | 1.14** | 1.05 | 1.10* | |
| 2 deceased children | 1.21 | 1.59** | 1.17* | 1.29** | 1.19** | 1.42** | |||
| 3 or more deceased | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.43** | 0.89 | |||||
| Lactation Indicator Month 9–12 After Infant Death | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.27** | 2.58** | 2.39** | 2.63** | 2.94** | 3.68** | 2.70** | 3.35** | |
| Sex Composition of Surviving Children at Time t | Mixed | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No surviving girls | — | — | 1.06 | 1.06* | 0.97 | 1.03 | 0.90* | 0.99 | |
| No surviving boys | — | — | 1.11* | 1.06† | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.14* | |
| Number of Observations | 7,173 | 24,899 | 6,803 | 19,252 | 6,228 | 12,927 | 5,586 | 8,501 | |
| Chi-Square | 147.799 | 627.296 | 496.427 | 2,042.387 | 319.974 | 745.650 | 210.627 | 281.483 | |
| Prob. > Chi-Square | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
| Variables . | Categories . | Parity 2 . | Parity 3 . | Parity 4 . | Parity 5 . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| –1899 . | 1900– . | –1899 . | 1900– . | –1899 . | 1900– . | –1899 . | 1900– . | ||
| Socioeconomic Position of the Father at the Time of Marriage (SOCPO) | Unskilled workers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Semiskilled workers | 1.08 | 0.83** | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.06 | 0.91 | 1.03 | 0.93 | |
| Skilled workers | 0.96 | 0.83** | 1.06 | 0.89** | 0.97 | 0.89* | 0.99 | 0.95 | |
| Middle class: Farmers | 1.00 | 1.11** | 1.12** | 1.12** | 1.02 | 1.20** | 1.04 | 1.14** | |
| Middle class | 0.90† | 0.75** | 1.00 | 0.84** | 0.88† | 0.86** | 0.92 | 0.88† | |
| Elite | 0.70** | 0.85** | 0.87 | 0.88* | 0.88 | 0.86† | 1.00 | 1.08 | |
| No information | 0.93 | 1.07* | 0.99 | 1.03 | 0.95 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 1.01 | |
| Total Number of Child Deaths at Time t | All children alive | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 deceased child | 1.28** | 1.48** | 1.10* | 1.24** | 1.09* | 1.14** | 1.05 | 1.10* | |
| 2 deceased children | 1.21 | 1.59** | 1.17* | 1.29** | 1.19** | 1.42** | |||
| 3 or more deceased | 1.28 | 1.30 | 1.43** | 0.89 | |||||
| Lactation Indicator Month 9–12 After Infant Death | No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.27** | 2.58** | 2.39** | 2.63** | 2.94** | 3.68** | 2.70** | 3.35** | |
| Sex Composition of Surviving Children at Time t | Mixed | — | — | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No surviving girls | — | — | 1.06 | 1.06* | 0.97 | 1.03 | 0.90* | 0.99 | |
| No surviving boys | — | — | 1.11* | 1.06† | 1.01 | 1.03 | 1.00 | 1.14* | |
| Number of Observations | 7,173 | 24,899 | 6,803 | 19,252 | 6,228 | 12,927 | 5,586 | 8,501 | |
| Chi-Square | 147.799 | 627.296 | 496.427 | 2,042.387 | 319.974 | 745.650 | 210.627 | 281.483 | |
| Prob. > Chi-Square | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | |
Notes: Coefficients are shown in exp(β) form. Models include controls for 10-year marriage cohort, quartiles of birth interval for child 1–2, and country.
aModels are weighted to adjust the different sample sizes in the countries.
†p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01