Estimated Minimum Spanish-American Bullion Production, 1571-1700.
(millions of pesos of eight reales)
| Year . | 1 . | 2 . | 3 . |
|---|---|---|---|
. | |||
| Registered Bullion Imports into Seville . | Estimated Minimum Silver Production by Amalgamation . | Adjusted Total Minimum Bullion Production . | |
| 1571-75 | 19.7 | 17.3 | 21.6 |
| 1576-80 | 28.5 | 35.5 | 44.4 |
| 1581-85 | 48.6 | 39.2 | 49.0 |
| 1586-90 | 39.4 | 49.2 | 61.5 |
| 1591-95 | 58.2 | 47.4 | 59.3 |
| 1596-1600 | 57.0 | 41.3 | 51.6 |
| 1601-05 | 44.9 | 31.6 | 39.5 |
| 1606-10 | 52.0 | 34.5 | 43.1 |
| 1611-15 | 40.6 | 49.3 | 61.6 |
| 1616-20 | 49.8 | 50.5 | 63.1 |
| 1621-25 | 44.7 | 62.3 | 77.9 |
| 1626-30 | 41.3 | 39.1 | 48.9 |
| 1631-35 | 28.3 | 46.3 | 57.9 |
| 1636-40 | 27.0 | 51.9 | 64.8 |
| 1641-45 | 22.8 | 49.2 | 61.4 |
| 1646-50 | 19.5 | 36.8 | 45.0 |
| 1651-55 | 12.1 | 49.7 | 62.1 |
| 1656-60 | 5.6 | 37.5 | 46.9 |
| 1661-65 | 32.6 | 40.8 | |
| 1666-70 | 31.9 | 39.9 | |
| 1671-75 | 42.6 | 53.3 | |
| 1676-80 | 33.8 | 42.3 | |
| 1681-85 | 15.2 | 19.4 | |
| 1686-90 | 26.5 | 33.1 | |
| 1691-95 | 34.5 | 43.1 | |
| 1696-1700 | 31.9 | 39.9 | |
| Year . | 1 . | 2 . | 3 . |
|---|---|---|---|
. | |||
| Registered Bullion Imports into Seville . | Estimated Minimum Silver Production by Amalgamation . | Adjusted Total Minimum Bullion Production . | |
| 1571-75 | 19.7 | 17.3 | 21.6 |
| 1576-80 | 28.5 | 35.5 | 44.4 |
| 1581-85 | 48.6 | 39.2 | 49.0 |
| 1586-90 | 39.4 | 49.2 | 61.5 |
| 1591-95 | 58.2 | 47.4 | 59.3 |
| 1596-1600 | 57.0 | 41.3 | 51.6 |
| 1601-05 | 44.9 | 31.6 | 39.5 |
| 1606-10 | 52.0 | 34.5 | 43.1 |
| 1611-15 | 40.6 | 49.3 | 61.6 |
| 1616-20 | 49.8 | 50.5 | 63.1 |
| 1621-25 | 44.7 | 62.3 | 77.9 |
| 1626-30 | 41.3 | 39.1 | 48.9 |
| 1631-35 | 28.3 | 46.3 | 57.9 |
| 1636-40 | 27.0 | 51.9 | 64.8 |
| 1641-45 | 22.8 | 49.2 | 61.4 |
| 1646-50 | 19.5 | 36.8 | 45.0 |
| 1651-55 | 12.1 | 49.7 | 62.1 |
| 1656-60 | 5.6 | 37.5 | 46.9 |
| 1661-65 | 32.6 | 40.8 | |
| 1666-70 | 31.9 | 39.9 | |
| 1671-75 | 42.6 | 53.3 | |
| 1676-80 | 33.8 | 42.3 | |
| 1681-85 | 15.2 | 19.4 | |
| 1686-90 | 26.5 | 33.1 | |
| 1691-95 | 34.5 | 43.1 | |
| 1696-1700 | 31.9 | 39.9 | |
Note. In Column 1, we convert Hamilton’s series from pesos of 13 1/4 reales (450 maravedís) to pesos of 8 reales (272 maravedís). For column 2, we have chosen a low multiplier of 110 marks or 935 pesos per quintal of mercury consumed. In Column 3, an extra 25 percent is added to the previous total; 15 percent for silver smelted and 10 percent for gold. Only half of this gold came from Mexico or Peru.
Sources: Hamilton, American Treasure, pp. 32, 34, 42; Lohmann Yillena, Huancavelica, pp. 452-455; Chaunu, Séville et l’Atlantique, VIII, 2:2, 1958-1978; Kuss, Mémoire d’Almadén, pp. 149-150; Jara, Tres ensayos, pp. 113-116; Humboldt, Ensayo político, p. 425; see notes 54, 66, 67.