Table 1

Sample Characteristics by Level of Vaccine Hesitancy

Vaccine hesitancy before COVID-19 vaccination
Very low (%)Low (%)High (%)Very high (%)
Respondents, no. 3,278 1,161 782 877 
Vaccine uptake (wave 31) 88.53 82.71 67.68 36.27 
Outcome variables     
 Effectiveness 85.72 97.07 91.30 71.84 
 Social benefits 86.00 97.67 92.20 72.06 
 Serious side effects 54.39 72.44 86.32 95.32 
 Serious illness 54.30 71.58 86.19 94.87 
 Mistrust manufacturing 20.13 30.23 50.26 80.73 
 Mistrust approval 31.36 43.24 65.22 88.26 
Diagnosed with COVID-19 22.27 21.79 22.25 23.95 
Age, y     
 18–29 10.83 8.70 9.34 8.44 
 30s 19.77 20.16 20.72 27.25 
 40s 20.71 22.31 26.34 27.02 
 50s 21.08 23.26 25.96 24.97 
 60+ 38.83 39.28 33.89 28.62 
Educational attainment     
 High school or less 20.50 28.60 29.92 28.16 
 Some college 33.31 40.22 39.13 47.32 
 Bachelor's degree 25.96 22.05 20.72 16.53 
 Master's degree or more 21.57 11.54 11.89 9.35 
Annual household income     
 <$15,000 13.36 17.05 19.69 16.42 
 $15,000–$49,999 33.07 38.50 39.77 44.70 
 $50,000–$99,999 40.97 43.84 42.20 44.24 
 $100,000 + 36.06 26.27 25.45 22.35 
Vaccine hesitancy before COVID-19 vaccination
Very low (%)Low (%)High (%)Very high (%)
Respondents, no. 3,278 1,161 782 877 
Vaccine uptake (wave 31) 88.53 82.71 67.68 36.27 
Outcome variables     
 Effectiveness 85.72 97.07 91.30 71.84 
 Social benefits 86.00 97.67 92.20 72.06 
 Serious side effects 54.39 72.44 86.32 95.32 
 Serious illness 54.30 71.58 86.19 94.87 
 Mistrust manufacturing 20.13 30.23 50.26 80.73 
 Mistrust approval 31.36 43.24 65.22 88.26 
Diagnosed with COVID-19 22.27 21.79 22.25 23.95 
Age, y     
 18–29 10.83 8.70 9.34 8.44 
 30s 19.77 20.16 20.72 27.25 
 40s 20.71 22.31 26.34 27.02 
 50s 21.08 23.26 25.96 24.97 
 60+ 38.83 39.28 33.89 28.62 
Educational attainment     
 High school or less 20.50 28.60 29.92 28.16 
 Some college 33.31 40.22 39.13 47.32 
 Bachelor's degree 25.96 22.05 20.72 16.53 
 Master's degree or more 21.57 11.54 11.89 9.35 
Annual household income     
 <$15,000 13.36 17.05 19.69 16.42 
 $15,000–$49,999 33.07 38.50 39.77 44.70 
 $50,000–$99,999 40.97 43.84 42.20 44.24 
 $100,000 + 36.06 26.27 25.45 22.35 

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