Basic structure of empirical study in the first Essay
| Rudest states . | Civilized nations . |
|---|---|
| Population stable over long period of time | Slow, steady population growth |
| Means of subsistence constant over time | Average means of subsistence rising |
| Relatively equal distribution of the sparse means of subsistence among population | Benefits unevenly spread across population |
| Only positive checks to population in operation: misery and vice | Positive and preventive checks in operation: prudential reasoning key |
| Rudest states . | Civilized nations . |
|---|---|
| Population stable over long period of time | Slow, steady population growth |
| Means of subsistence constant over time | Average means of subsistence rising |
| Relatively equal distribution of the sparse means of subsistence among population | Benefits unevenly spread across population |
| Only positive checks to population in operation: misery and vice | Positive and preventive checks in operation: prudential reasoning key |