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structural equations

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Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2021) 130 (1): 45–96.
Published: 01 January 2021
... structural equations token causation actual causation counterfactuals References Andreas, Holger, and Mario Günther. 2018. “A Ramsey Test Analysis of Causation for Causal Models.” British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. Published ahead of print, December 10. doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axy074...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2023) 132 (2): 173–238.
Published: 01 April 2023
..., which leaves you with F again. Theorem 1 of the appendix ensures that β η is not only sound, but also complete for the structural equations, in the sense that two terms are mapped to the same relational diagram only if they are β η -equivalent. The systems of Frege, Church...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2007) 116 (4): 495–532.
Published: 01 October 2007
... of some of these theories in sections 11–13. In this essay, I will propose a condition that specifies when counter- factual dependence is both necessary and sufficient for token causation. I will develop my account using structural equations and directed graphs to model various causal systems...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2020) 129 (4): 670–674.
Published: 01 October 2020
... consider a popular view that is commonly dubbed a “structural mapping” account: “One answer is simply that mathematics is a rich source of structures and therein lies its utility. Some mathematical structure is either designed to, or otherwise found to, accurately capture the important structural relations...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2023) 132 (4): 641–645.
Published: 01 October 2023
.... Consider water, for example. At the scale of centimeters or larger, the behavior of water is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equations. This treats water as a homogeneous substance at all length scales: the Navier-Stokes equations make no distinction between the structure exhibited by water at 10 meters...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2001) 110 (4): 639–641.
Published: 01 October 2001
... an equation of the form Vi = fi(Vi1Vim), where Vi is distinct from each Vij. These equations represent “mechanisms” whereby the value of one variable is causally determined by the values of others. Mechanisms differ from what philosophers call “laws” in that the former are asymmetric. If it is a law...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 555–606.
Published: 01 October 2008
... changing rational degrees of belief in situations involving context-sensitivity. I begin by describ- ing the structure of my models and some well-established principles for modeling synchronically rational agents. I then discuss the most popular...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2002) 111 (3): 442–447.
Published: 01 July 2002
... 443 BOOK REVIEWS closely analogous to geometry, in order to explain the application of arith- metic: “In just the same way [as geometry], … the fact that the proof of a numerical equation is regulated by the structure of sensibility … guarantees the application...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2022) 131 (1): 1–49.
Published: 01 January 2022
... equation of motion F = m a and law of universal gravitation F = G m 1 m 2 ∕ r 2 : there is no vagueness about whether a certain class of worlds (described in terms of trajectories of point particles with Newtonian masses) satisfies the conjunction. 3...
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Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2005) 114 (2): 179–225.
Published: 01 April 2005
... a minute, a uni- fied semantics of all determiners can be given. It takes to heart that the first-order predicate calculus is not expressive enough to properly treat natural language quantification, and it will assign the same underlying structure to all of our above examples (ignoring issues about...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2014) 123 (4): 485–531.
Published: 01 October 2014
... known before Lagrange that a cubic equation of the form x 3 + nx + p = 0 , once transformed by x = y − n / 3 y , becomes a sixth-degree equation y 6 + py 3 + n 3 / 27 = 0 (the “resolvent”) that, miraculously, is quadratic in y 3...
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Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 610–614.
Published: 01 October 2008
...Catherine Osborne T. K. Johansen, Plato's Natural Philosophy: A Study of the Timaeus-Critias. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. vi + 218 pp. © 2008 by Cornell University 2008 Brague, Rémi. 1985 . “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 626–630.
Published: 01 October 2008
.... Heisler, I. L., and J. Damuth. 1987 . “A Method for Analyzing Selection in Hierarchically Structured Populations.” American Naturalist 130 : 582 -602. Matthen, M., and A. Ariew. 2002 . “Two Ways of Thinking about Fitness and Natural Selection.” Journal of Philosophy 99 : 55 -83. Okasha, S...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2002) 111 (1): 148–152.
Published: 01 January 2002
.... ___. 1949 . “An Example of a New Type of Cosmological Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations of Gravitation.” In Kurt Gödel: Collected Works , vol. 2 , ed. Solomon Feferman et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 190 -98. ___. 1949a . “A Remark about the Relationship between Relativity...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 607–610.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Brague, Remi.´ 1985. “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure of Timaeus’ Monologue,” in Platonic Investiga- tions. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, vol. 13, ed. Dominic J. O’Meara, 53–83. Washington, DC...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 615–617.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Brague, Remi.´ 1985. “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure of Timaeus’ Monologue,” in Platonic Investiga- tions. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, vol. 13, ed. Dominic J. O’Meara, 53–83. Washington, DC...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 618–620.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Brague, Remi.´ 1985. “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure of Timaeus’ Monologue,” in Platonic Investiga- tions. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, vol. 13, ed. Dominic J. O’Meara, 53–83. Washington, DC...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 621–623.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Brague, Remi.´ 1985. “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure of Timaeus’ Monologue,” in Platonic Investiga- tions. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, vol. 13, ed. Dominic J. O’Meara, 53–83. Washington, DC...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 623–626.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Brague, Remi.´ 1985. “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure of Timaeus’ Monologue,” in Platonic Investiga- tions. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, vol. 13, ed. Dominic J. O’Meara, 53–83. Washington, DC...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2008) 117 (4): 630–633.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Brague, Remi.´ 1985. “The Body of the Speech: A New Hypothesis on the Compositional Structure of Timaeus’ Monologue,” in Platonic Investiga- tions. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy, vol. 13, ed. Dominic J. O’Meara, 53–83. Washington, DC...