...Robert Shaver Sidgwick gives various tests for highest certainty. When he applies these tests to commonsense morality, he finds nothing of highest certainty. In contrast, when he applies these tests to his own axioms, he finds these axioms to have highest certainty. The axioms culminate...

...Anthony Skelton A further positive feature of traditional naturalism, in Irwin's mind, is that it avoids the alleged defects of classical utilitarianism. The main discussion of utilitarianism occurs in chapters devoted to Mill and Sidgwick. Irwin argues that Mill does not really offer a defense...

... and economical. As the subtitle sug- gests, this is no comprehensive survey, and I myself hope that Shaver will turn his attention to ancient philosophy. Though the hero of Shaver’s book is Sidgwick, it begins with an interesting discussion of Hobbes. These two are said to be the “foremost champions...

... of Ethics: A Historical and Critical Study. Vol. 1, From Socrates to the Reformation . Oxford : Oxford University Press . Sidgwick Henry 1907 . The Methods of Ethics . 7th ed. London : Macmillan and Co. Ltd . 2. Indeed, it is difficult throughout to get a handle on whether Irwin...

... METHODS OF ETHICS: A DEBATE. By MARCIAW. BARON,PHILIP PETTIT,and MICHAELSLOTE. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997. Pp. vi, 285. In The Methods of Ethics, Sidgwick took seriously egoism, utilitarianism, and commonsense morality. Virtue ethics was treated as part of commonsense morality. Three...

... in various familiar human failings, such as weakness of will, self-deception, and moral weakness.3 But it is almost always regarded as a mistake, typically a failure of rationality. In The Methods of Ethics Henry Sidgwick recognizes the normative aspect of temporal neutrality in criticizing Bentham...

... presses. 3. The idea of an esoteric morality, which must be hidden from the masses, is due to Henry Sidgwick, Methods of Ethics, 7th ed. (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett, 1981), esp. 490. Sidgwick (ibid., 490) notes further that “similarly it seems expedient that the doctrine that esoteric morality...

...” ( Smart and Williams 1973 , 134). Against such objections, Parfit argued that even if act consequentialism would have to remain an “esoteric” theory, as Sidgwick put it, that would not constitute “a ground for doubt” ( Parfit 1984 , 41). A moral theory might be true even if it is “indirectly self...

..., “The Simple Desire-Fulfillment Theory,” Nouˆs 33 (1999): 247–72. 4. A number of “idealized” subjectivist views have been offered, including, most importantly, Henry Sidgwick, The Methods of Ethics, 7th ed. (1907; repr., Indianapolis: Hackett, 1981), 111; and Richard Brandt, A Theory of the Good...

... Henry Sidgwick, “have tended to cast the basic conflict with egoism as a conflict between morality and self-interest rather than as a conflict between altruism and self-interest” (48). By contrast, Sterba conceives morality as a compromise between self-interest and altruism; indeed he labels his view...

... the links between morality, freedom, and reason, the harder it is for Kant to say anything illuminating about moral wrong- doing. In a well-known criticism, Sidgwick assumes these connections 154 PERVERSITY OF THE HEART to be logical in character...

... . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ____. 2003b . “Thickness and Theory.” Journal of Philosophy 100 : 275 -87. Schelling, Thomas. 1984 . Choice and Consequence . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Sidgwick, Henry. 1981 [1874]. The Methods of Ethics . Indianapolis, IN: Hackett...

... of practical reason. White traces this debate from Hegel, Herder, Schiller, Winckelmann (and others) through twentieth-century figures, such as Prichard and Sidgwick, and suggests that our current ways of understanding Greek ethics are shaped and constrained (with- out our full awareness) by this debate...

... of Kant’s three Critiques . Chapter 10, the last chapter, is entitled “Kant’s Final Thoughts on Free Will.” He begins by defending of Kant against the famous objection (advanced first by Karl L. Reinhold and later by Henry Sidgwick) that for Kant only actions from duty can be imputed. The rest...

... of ardent realism, but we do know that they want to deny that Alternative is possible. For if Alternative is possible, then there is no clear sense in which one community's normative term is privileged (I am tempted to add Sidgwick's phrase “from the point of view of the universe”) compared to the other...

... Additive Measures.” Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und verwandte Gebiete 66 : 205 –26. Seminar, Oscar. 2008 . “An Objectivist Argument for Thirdism.” Analysis 68 : 149 –55. Sidgwick, Henry. 1907 . The Methods of Ethics. London: MacMillan. Skyrms, Brian. 1984 . Pragmatics...

.... Henry Sidgwick: Eye of the Universe: An Intellectual Biography. By Bart Schultz. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xx, 858. Money and the Early Greek Mind: Homer, Philosophy, Tragedy. By Richard Seaford. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Pp. xii, 370. The Midwife...

... is normative for belief and welfare is normative for care; whether a person’s good provides agent-neutral or agent-relative reasons for action; Sidgwick’s account of a person’s good; and the fit between the rational care metaethical account of the concept of welfare and an intriguing Aristotelian normative...

..., Thomas, ed. 2010. Underivative Duty: British Moral Philosophers from Sidgwick to Ewing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jost, Lawrence J., and Julian Wuerth, eds. 2011. Perfecting Virtue: New Essays on Kantian Ethics and Virtue Ethics. New York: Cambridge University Press. xiv þ308 pp...

.... Timothy Smiley, 1 -81. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chicken Little . 1958 . Racine, Wisc.: Western Publishing Company. Cherniss, Harold. 1945 . The Riddle of the Early Academy . Berkeley: University of California Press. Crisp, Roger. 2002 . Sidgwick and the Boundaries of Intuitionism...