.... A good candidate for a reliable information producer is the incorporation of testimonial information. This is a constructive process by which testimonial information about a past event is incorporated into an agent's memory of that event. Michaelian posits that testifiers are generally honest...

...Wesley H. Holliday According to the Principle of the Fixity of the Past (FP), no one can now do anything that would require the past to have unfolded differently than it actually did, for the past is fixed, over and done with. Why might doing something in the future require the past to be different...

...Michael McKenna Peter van Inwagen contends that nonresponsibility transfers across deterministic relations. Suppose it does. If the facts of the past and the laws of nature entail every truth about what one does, and no one is even in part morally responsible for the past and the laws, then no one...

... that truth depends on the world and not the other way around. The present essay argues that mere invocation of this truism does not establish that the basic argument for incompatibilism is question-begging. Further, it seeks to clarify important elements of the debate, including the fixity-of-the-past...

...Nomy Arpaly; Timothy Schroeder Theoretical and practical deliberation are voluntary activities, and like all voluntary activities, they are performed for reasons. To hold that all voluntary activities are performed for reasons in virtue of their relations to past, present, or even merely possible...

... are. In particular, investigating prepunishment can help to bring out the inadequacy of the “Ockhamist” reply to the argument, as well as the sense in which God's past beliefs need to depend on what we do, if we are plausibly to have a choice about those beliefs. © 2013 by Cornell University 2013 Arguments...

... to this view, which this essay calls the “diary model,” one's memory ordinarily serves as a means for one's present self to gain evidence about one's past judgments, and in turn about the truth. This essay rejects the diary model's analogy between memory and testimony from one's former self, arguing first...

... study, we turn to the Past Hypothesis, a postulate that (partially) explains the direction of time in our world. We have reasons to take it seriously as a candidate fundamental law of nature. Yet it is vague: it admits borderline (nomologically) possible worlds. An exact version would lead...

... that the Parody is question-begging. “Truth and Freedom” also considers a descendant of the Main Argument that has the following additional premise: 568 Foreknowledge and Freedom (0) The past is appropriately necessary; and, necessarily...

... and Belief . Oxford: Clarendon. Stump, Eleonore, and Norman Kretzmann. 1991 . “Prophecy, Past Truth, and Eternity.” In Philosophical Perspectives, vol. 5: Philosophy of Religion , ed. James Tomberlin, 395 -424. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview. Van Inwagen, Peter. 1983 . An Essay on Free Will . Oxford...

... expression (for example, “The tomato”) by virtue of a property-token possessed by the referent (the tomato) (46). If Ludlow wishes to hold that only what is present possesses property-tokens, he will have to argue that nothing possesses property-tokens of pastness or futurity. Few attempts have even been...

... β 4. NS(P0 & L) 2, 3; rule * α 5. NSP 1, 4; rule * → where is entailment, P0 is a true proposition describing the com- plete state of the universe at some time in the distant past, L is the con- junction...

..., although it holds for finite sets. 10 Here is an example using the similarity relation that, according to Lewis (1979) , governs the interpretation of counterfactuals in “standard” contexts. Suppose that history is infinite toward the future and finite toward the past, and for any n , let h n...

... is closer to @ than any (P ^ :Q)-world. (3) Past match: If P describes a possible dated event, then some P-world that matches @ over all matters of particular fact until shortly before the time of P is closer to @ than any P-world that does not. (1), (2), and (3...

... Objective Becoming is therapy for those of us who, like Auden, feel alienated by the non-Euclidean space-time that modern physics offers us. Here is one way of understanding the tension. Suppose you think there is a real difference between the past, present, and future. And there is some kind of change...

... in the underlying physics. This is because, at the microlevel, the global laws are temporally symmetric. Thus our standard notion of causation cannot apply at that level, since basing causation on these laws would mean that the future causes the past just as well as the past causes the future. Instead, Ismael...

... such properties, our desire for things of that type specifically targets the new object. As Radcliffe says, “Desire originates from the impressions of pleasure I've experienced in the past and gets transferred to future objects via reasoning” (52). A strength of this account is that, while all desires...

... of temporal language. Many think past tense and future auxiliaries are mirror images of each other: one simply has “later” where the other has “earlier.” The Modal Future aims to supplant this symmetric picture with an asymmetric one, where future thought and talk is modal , and explores issues...

... the outside. When I remember my act or event from the inside, the memory is indexed to mark all three de se grades. It is indexed to my having expe- rienced the act or event, to my having been the agent or subject of it, and to my perspective as agent in the past act or event.6 All experiential...