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defeasible

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Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2015) 124 (2): 286–289.
Published: 01 April 2015
... be developed to provide a systematic account of the interaction of reasons. I suspect this is unduly pessimistic. As well as explaining the possibility of defeasible justification, a probabilistic or expected-value model seems to easily avoid many of the difficult problems Horty acknowledges for the default...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2000) 109 (3): 456–459.
Published: 01 July 2000
... empiricism. Just as there are basic empirical beliefs-noninferential beliefs that are immediately, if defeasibly, justified on the basis of experience, there are noninferential beliefs that are im- mediately, if defeasibly, justified on the basis of rational insight. (However, such beliefs, though...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2000) 109 (3): 459–462.
Published: 01 July 2000
... on them. He develops an appealingly relaxed version of rationalism that closely mirrors a moderate empiricism. Just as there are basic empirical beliefs-noninferential beliefs that are immediately, if defeasibly, justified on the basis of experience, there are noninferential beliefs that are im...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2004) 113 (1): 101–125.
Published: 01 January 2004
.... These favored truths constitute a subset of clear and distinct truths.2 Whereas the certainty of ordinary clear and distinct perception is defeasible by the deceiving God hypothesis, the certainty of the privileged truths is utterly immune to doubt. Which truths belong to the favored set? Among those...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2004) 113 (4): 574–577.
Published: 01 October 2004
...’ themselves” (79). 575 BOOK REVIEWS According to de Bary, Reid regards the externalist assumption as reasonable but defeasible: that the beliefs produced by natural faculties are generally reli- able is a reasonable assumption unless...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2024) 133 (1): 87–91.
Published: 01 January 2024
... innovative technical and empirical advancements make it required reading for anyone interested in the semantics and pragmatics of pronouns, modals, gesture, intonation, discourse coherence, and context sensitivity in general. Linguistic evidence is defeasible because successful interpretation sometimes...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2003) 112 (2): 263–266.
Published: 01 April 2003
...- ditionals” or “principles of defeasibly sufficient reason” to support superve- nience claims. Roughly, they can argue for the plausibility of claims of the form that if things are thus-and-so with respect to the As, then typically they will be thus-and-so with respect to the Bs. (So we have defeasibly...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2000) 109 (2): 277–281.
Published: 01 April 2000
... (in the case of Stalnaker and Jeffrey) as random variables on possible worlds. The fifth essay, “From Adams’ conditionals to default expressions, causal conditions, and counterfactuals,” is by a computer scientist, Judea Pearl. It takes as its point of departure work on defeasible and non-monotonic...
Image
Published: 01 April 2023
Figure 1. Typical shape from shading stimuli; shape (either convex or concave) is assigned to multiple objects under the assumption of a single illuminant governing them all. This assumption is defeasible, as discussed in Morgenstern, Murray, and Harris 2011 and Wilder, Adams, and Richard F More
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2021) 130 (2): 227–262.
Published: 01 April 2021
... nowledge must choose from a similar menu of responses, but the very idea of a self-knowledge requirement doesn't hang in the balance. 8 The same goes for opposition to S elf -K nowledge on the grounds that self-knowledge is defeasible, as stressed for example by David Christensen (2007a : sec. 4...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2016) 125 (4): 451–472.
Published: 01 October 2016
... far toward explaining why it matters so much, morally, whether you know who your victim is. This talk of “knowing who the person you are in a position to affect is” should be regarded as shorthand for something with explanatory force. I said earlier that defeasible privacy applies when you know...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2001) 110 (4): 639–641.
Published: 01 October 2001
... causes what, we must somehow be able to derive causal knowledge from our knowledge of noncausal facts. Pearl provides us with a much more realistic epistemology: we make causal inferences from noncausal facts together with defeasible back- ground assumptions that are themselves causal.1 Actual...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2017) 126 (1): 1–41.
Published: 01 January 2017
... theory that meets the just-see constraint. Nor is this the end of trouble. One doesn't strictly need to consider knowing what ringers for Fs look like to see the trouble with the defeasible disposition theory. Consider models of cars that differ only under the hood, hidden from normal viewpoints...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2022) 131 (3): 378–382.
Published: 01 July 2022
... sensibilities. Here’s a particularly dramatic example. In the beginning of the book, Goldberg argues that “every rational being who is also a social being has [a defeasible] entitlement to have the attention of other social rational beings” (33). Suppose that I am walking to work while engrossed...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2025) 134 (1): 77–81.
Published: 01 January 2025
..., according to the views she will develop, these inferences, even when impeccable, are defeasible: scientific realism should be fallibilist. The second qualification is that although her book is largely nontechnical and she will engage with some recent literature about the analytic metaphysics of physics...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2017) 126 (4): 554–558.
Published: 01 October 2017
... audiences with much richer—albeit still partial and defeasible—evidence of these intentions. In Imagination and Convention , Ernie Lepore and Matthew Stone launch a comprehensive attack on the picture I've just sketched. In its place, they put forward a view on which the sort of communicating we do...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2021) 130 (2): 323–326.
Published: 01 April 2021
... work. In chapter 3, Goldberg argues that there are default defeasible permissions we have to rely on certain belief-forming processes, like visual perception. The beliefs formed by these processes serve as the foundation for the rest of our epistemically proper beliefs. Here we start to see...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2021) 130 (4): 605–609.
Published: 01 October 2021
... beliefs. According to Smithies, justification by cognition works because in merely possessing a belief one thereby has defeasible justification for the possession of it. Perception tells us about our environment. Intuitively, if two people are looking at numerically distinct but qualitatively...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2003) 112 (2): 259–262.
Published: 01 April 2003
..., intuitions are often guided by theory as much as theory is guided by intuitions. The goal is to achieve a kind of reflec- tive equilibrium between the two. Once one has accepted a theory as correct, even tentatively, and has begun applying it to new situations, its consequences will seem (defeasibly...
Journal Article
The Philosophical Review (2004) 113 (4): 507–535.
Published: 01 October 2004
... for not reconsidering. If the agent had not earlier considered what to do, they would now have reason to consider; but their earlier consideration provides a reason for not considering again. The entrenchment that intentions provide is defeasible: sometimes things will change so radically from what was expected...