Search Results for conclusion

...Mark Eli Kalderon In Fear of Knowledge , Paul Boghossian argues against the very coherence of epistemic relativism. This essay does two things. First, without questioning the truth of his conclusion, it argues that Boghossian's argument for that conclusion fails. Second, it argues that the avowed...

... and discharges some remaining grounds for resistance to these skeptical conclusions, as well as the possibility of defending a weaker version of a normative lottery principle. The conclusion is that we have no reason to believe that where equal claims conflict, we are morally required to hold a lottery...

...Ian Proops In the chapter of the Critique of Pure Reason entitled “The Paralogisms of Pure Reason” Kant seeks to explain how rationalist philosophers, including thinkers of the caliber of Descartes and Leibniz, could have arrived at what he considers to be certain erroneous, “dogmatic” conclusions...

... that these deductions are instances of transmission failure. That is, they argue that these deductions cannot transmit justification to their conclusions. This essay contends, however, that the notoriety of these deductions is undeserved. Its strategy is to clarify, attack, defend, and apply. The essay clarifies what...

... characterize verbal disputes, spell out a method for isolating and resolving them, and draw out conclusions for philosophical methodology. I then use the framework to draw out consequences in first-order philosophy. In particular, I argue that the analysis of verbal disputes can be used to support...

... from ordinary interpersonal relationships. On this basis, he concluded that relinquishing moral blame isn't a real possibility for us, given our commitment to personal relationships. If well founded, this conclusion puts the traditional free-will debate in a new light. In particular, insofar...

... are determined to do. The conclusion of this much-discussed argument is that the freedom to do otherwise is incompatible with determinism. In order to break a stalemate between incompatibilists and compatibilists in the debate over (FP), this article presents a new Action-Type Argument for (FP). The aim...

... out to solve the description problem and arrives at a radical conclusion. In a variety of cases, we should describe the goal of killing in broad terms, without reference to a specific victim or a specific threat. These broad descriptions—such as “saving a life”—make it easier to find relevant...

... nonparadoxical self-reference to prove conclusively that even immediate full grounding isn't an internal relation in this sense. The positive, second part of this essay uses the notion of a “completely satisfactory explanation” to shed light on the logic of ground in the presence of self-reference. This allows...

... opportunity and accuracy in the long run. Further, it is sometimes rationally permissible to choose the latter. The article breaks down the features of action which give rise to the trade-off, and then argues that each feature applies equally well to belief. This conclusion is an instance of a systematic...

...Martin Jay Stone; Rafeeq Hasan Kant maintains that while claims to property are morally possible in a state of nature, such claims are merely “provisional”; they become “conclusive” only in a civil condition involving political institutions. Kant’s commentators find this thesis puzzling, since...

... plastic : A zygote that naturally develops into a singleton (i.e., develops into exactly one infant/adult without twinning) might have naturally developed into a numerically different singleton. From this, I derive the conclusion that a human infant or adult is numerically distinct from the zygote she...

... updating rule that satisfies a few reasonable conditions will have the same feature. The conclusion that fine-tuned life provides evidence for a multiverse is hard to escape. The root issue here is that our qualitative evidence is ordinarily about what there is rather than what there isn’t. You can learn...

... to the idea that scientific ontology—conclusions about the ontological consequences of the sciences—should be informed by and continuous with the empirical content of the sciences. Voluntarist epistemology refers to the idea that views about the ontological consequences of the sciences always depend...

..., one of the central norms of reasoning together is openness to criticism from others. To be fully open to criticism, Laden argues, we must never regard a reason that we have offered or a conclusion that we have drawn as the final word on the matter (15). From this, Laden concludes that we must give up...

..., but by belonging to different stages of a single philosophical endeavor. Saying that much would not be enough, however, for at least two reasons. First, I believe Hume arrived at skeptical conclusions by pursuing a naturalist inquiry, and if that is true, then we must see how Hume thought it was so much...

... of this principle. 7 This leaves (4) as the key step: the independence principle together with your justification for believing that S is your epistemic peer gives us the conclusion that, at t 3 , you are not justified to believe that S's mistake, rather than your own, explains the disagreement. Can we...

... of knowledge? Or that the intuitiveness of the inferred conclusion is irrelevant for its acceptance? To address these questions, we need to advance from Deutsch's “no-theory theory” of intuitions to the psychological notion most experimental philosophers implicitly use: intuitions are judgments generated...

... the street. Mira is asked whether she really believes in animal rights or only the moral importance of animal welfare, and she starts pondering—deliberating about—the differences between the two, ending up with the conclusion that she does believe in animal rights. The frequency of deliberation in our...

... to offer an account that would settle the issues raised by German Idealism, Allard also makes clear how Bradley was trying to deal with questions posed by J. S. Mill, particularly over the apparent circularity of syllogistic reasoning, where it was claimed that the conclusion of an argument (e.g...