...Stephanie Collins Pasternak Avia , Responsible Citizens, Irresponsible States: Should Citizens Pay for Their State’s Wrongdoings? : Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2021 . 249 pp. © 2023 by Cornell University 2023 Anyone who has lived abroad knows the frustration...

... and scope of citizens’ duty to resist injustice is philosophically sound and written for the political reality of our time. She engages with complex ideas and advances controversial claims, but remains engaging and accessible. Remarkably, she does not shy away from making specific, action-guiding...

... they are best suited). Second, philosopher-rulers ensure that models of ideals are disseminated throughout the city so that the citizens have the right conception of what is good, fine, and just, thereby shaping their souls so that they are in good condition. In chapter 4, Thakkar argues that Plato thinks...

... value of those identities; we overdo democracy, and make it worse. In Sustaining Democracy , Talisse explores the political mindset that can sustain a democratic society. How must a citizen regard her opponents? The requisite attitude requires facing up to what Talisse calls the democrat’s dilemma...

... social justice in terms of nondomination. He even goes so far as to claim that the particular good of FND could be realized only in a state, since only such an entity could guarantee that the citizens in interacting with each other do not depend on the goodwill of the others. The assumption...

... of exegesis. Her main thesis is that the Laws is not a retrenchment from the main moral and political ideas of the Republic , but a development of those ideas, about how laws and legislation are to bring about virtue in citizens. For anyone interested in virtue ethics and moral education in the ancient...

... that law’s value within democratic societies rests on its communicative capacity, enabling citizens to express their recognition of each other’s equal status. Following an insightful introduction by editor Hannah Ginsborg, Shiffrin’s first lecture, “Democratic Law,” provides the philosophical groundwork...

... that he delivered shortly before his death in 1984. The main thesis of the lectures is that those dialogues are linked by the theme of care for oneself or of one’s soul, and that Socrates, having attempted to care for the souls of his fellow-citizens by his philosophical activity in his...

... rights and interests and the normative power to shape those rights and their correlative obligations in others. In this book he argues that democracy understood as “that set of institutions and procedures by which individuals are empowered as free and equal citizens to form and change the terms...

... rights and interests and the normative power to shape those rights and their correlative obligations in others. In this book he argues that democracy understood as “that set of institutions and procedures by which individuals are empowered as free and equal citizens to form and change the terms...

... Aristotle’s conception of law is its “status as an achievement of practical rationality” applied in political contexts (8), but it needn’t be apprehended as rational by the citizens, which explains why it is often characterized as necessitating force and compulsion (14). Chapter 1 thus lays out these two...

...) This passage certainly suggests that voting by the citizens-a ma- jority vote, in fact (4.2.7)-determines the content of the general will. In that case, however, there are only two ways in which the over-simple account can be reconciled with this passage. Either the majority, in voting, always intends...

...) liber- alism may well involve is this: liberal neutrality bars appeal to controversial moral conceptions in the public justification of basic constitutional prin- ciples, but it is those very moral conceptions that ground citizens’ own 604...

... citizens. The powerless in particular need the protections offered by toleration in order to live a good life. Moreover, a good life will not truly be available to them unless tolerance is seen as a virtue and not simply a practice. Thus, Oberdiek speaks favorably of understanding difference and moving...

... for citizens on different sides of these issues to recognize the legitimacy of the positions of their opponents. Through extensive discussions of the public debates in the US. about abortion, surrogacy, affirmative action, and pornography, she argues that taking such an interpretive turn...

... and Dennis Thompson for embracing a conception of good cit- izenship that demands too much of citizens, in particular that deeply religious people be able and willing to offer publicly accessible reasons for their policy preferences. He attacks contemporary liberals who sanction what he sees as excessive...

... on the interests of victims, is distinctively preoccupied with limits on the appropri- ate use of public powers. It “is concerned with the accountability of govern- ments, and with accountability for the performance of public functions, to citizens qua citizens, rather than citizens qua holders of rights...

..., and the state in which no god exists.10 Since I aim to maximize expected value, I will proceed by con- structing a decision matrix in order to determine the expected val- ues of my options. The matrix I will construct employs the following variables: c = the number of Christian citizens...

... and their managers to take over more of the public sphere than they have already taken over. A healthy democracy is one in which citizens decide what services will be publicly provided, and how much they will tax themselves to provide those services, not one in which citizens are passive consumers of corporate...

... to limit its operation and extent. For example, his distinction between active and passive citizens is based on a recognition that inequality of condition generates dependency and limits the development of the person. Thus, Kant’s account of public right implies a commitment to a fairly substantial...