..., Howard. 1978 . Probability, Chance, and Choice: A Theory of Rational Agency. Unpublished paper presented at a workshop on Pragmatism and Conditionals at the University of Western Ontario, May 1978 . von Neumann, J., and Morgenstern, O. 1944 . Theory of Games and Economic Behavior . New York: Wiley...

..., a lottery may be a pragmatically effective way to arrive at a decision; and it may be psychologically beneficial for us by relieving the burdens of hard choices. Nonetheless, I see no convincing reason to believe that we are morally required to hold a lottery in conflict cases, as opposed to simply...

...Edward Stein BOOK REVIEWS The Philosophical Review, Vol. 111, No. 1 (January 2002) FROM CHANCE TO CHOICE: GENETICS AND JUSTICE. By ALLEN BUCHANAN, DAN W. BROCK, NORMAN DANIELS, and DANIEL WIKLER. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp...

... of which properties of the objects of moral choice matter in any given context, and (ii) a specification of how these properties matter. Reason-based representations provide a very general taxonomy of moral theories, as differences among theories can be attributed to differences in their two key parameters...

...Nicholas DiBella This article proposes a revision of Cantor’s account of set size that understands comparisons of set size fundamentally in terms of surjections rather than injections. This revised account is equivalent to Cantor’s account if the axiom of choice is true, but its consequences differ...

...Sara Aronowitz Sometimes, we face choices between actions most likely to lead to valuable outcomes, and actions which put us in a better position to learn. These choices exemplify what is called the exploration / exploitation trade-off . In computer science and psychology, this trade-off has...

... that one should think of attitude formation like one does (practical) choices among options. The article motivates this view linguistically, extending “relevant alternatives” theories of the attitudes to both belief and to the other, non-doxastic attitudes. Given a natural principle governing choice...

... about which things are F er than which overall ? Social choice theory can be used to model and investigate this aggregation problem. This article focuses on a particularly thorny problem made salient by this social choice-theoretic framework: the underlying dimensions of a given concept might...

...Joe Horton; Jacob Ross There has recently been an explosion of interest in rational and moral choice under evaluative uncertainty —uncertainty about values or reasons. However, the dominant views on such choice have at least three major problems: they are overly demanding, they are incompatible...

...Jan Sprenger This article develops axiomatic foundations for a probabilistic theory of causal strength as difference-making. I proceed in three steps: First, I motivate the choice of causal Bayes nets as an adequate framework for defining and comparing measures of causal strength. Second, I prove...

... not. It also argues that Jones even now has a choice about the thousand-years-ago truth of that Jones sits at t . Those arguments do not require the complex machinery of Ockhamism, with its distinction between hard facts and soft facts; indeed, those arguments do not require any complex machinery at all...

...-free.” Russell's notion of acquaintance, since it fits this bill, is therefore motivated by his solution to the puzzle, as is his choice of sense-data to be the referents of genuine Russellian names of particulars. Finally, the article argues that since a version of the George IV puzzle arises...

..., with respect to objective causation. The essay begins with Newcomb problems, which turn on an apparent tension between two principles of choice: roughly, a principle sensitive to the causal features of the relevant situation, and a principle sensitive only to evidential factors. Two-boxers give priority...

... are. In particular, investigating prepunishment can help to bring out the inadequacy of the “Ockhamist” reply to the argument, as well as the sense in which God's past beliefs need to depend on what we do, if we are plausibly to have a choice about those beliefs. © 2013 by Cornell University 2013 Arguments...

... of compulsion, as this definition sug- gests, then is it correct to say that a drug addict chooses to take their drug of choice? Similarly, does it make sense to say that a person in the grip of fear really chooses to flee from what frightens them? In this book, Jon Elster argues that in general...

... that argument in The Sources of Normativity ( 1996c ), so I will begin there and refer back to the earlier essay as necessary. Korsgaard writes: [Kant] started from the fact that when we make a choice we must regard its object as good. . . . He asked what it is that makes these objects good, and, rejecting...

... that all of our choices and acts are unavoidable, and so is every- thing that happens in the world (see van Inwagen 1983, chap. 3; and Ginet 1990, chap. 5). In response, some philosophers have conceded that causally determined agents cannot make a difference in the world, but they have argued...

... to Sturgeon and Piper. Ethics 106 : 538 -54. ____. 1999 . What is the Point of Equality? Ethics 109 : 287 -337. Arrow, Kenneth. 1963 . Social Choice and Individual Values . 2d ed. New York: John Wiley. Barry, Brian. 2001 . Culture and Equality . Cambridge: Harvard University Press...