... on the crowded board; Behind them sit the guardsmen, a wanton, reckless horde. The wine flows down since evening upon the palace floor; To please the tsar since nightfall, the shameless singers roar; They sing the joys of battle, the deeds of former times, The capture of Kazan and great Astrakhan s strong lines...

... with their foreign enemies have attracted neither the sympathy nor the support of the populace in general. Conse­ quently the tsar and his administrators have often played the role of usurpers and conquerors in their own land, and they have always found enemies both within and without their borders. In the mid1400 s...

.... When Prince Ypsilanti, one of Alexander s generals, led a Greek revolt against the Turks, the tsar disavowed it and refused to support the Greeks against the sultan, their lawful sovereign. This, of course, was a reversal James B. Duke Professor of History Emeritus at Duke University, Mr. Curtiss...

... of Delaware boldly broke the British blockade of the Crimean shore with a shipload of powder. But thirty or more young American doctors played the role of Florence Nightingale on the Tsar s side. They volunteered; they actually sailed; they worked in the Russian hospitals through most of that conflict. Unlike...

...: peasant chil­ dren were not to aspire to higher education, but were taught to accept their station in life. Progress was made, however, chiefly in secondary and higher education, since trained men were needed by the state and by a developing country. It remained for the reforming Tsar, Alexander II...

... bauchery of the reforming tsar and regards him as harmful rather than progressive. Peter s wars, he holds, were calamitous for Russia in spite of their victorious outcome, and the gains achieved were of little benefit and would have come in due time with far less cost. The claim of Catherine II...

... of the poet s life were marked by a steady drift to the right. Russia and her past, the glory of Peter and the Empire, became dearer to him than the tumultuous criticism which he had formerly practiced. He tended toward prose rather than poetry and with the Tsar as his censor he wished to write history...

... directions. The chief actors were the outstanding persons of Europe: Bismarck, Gorchakov of Russia, the French Decazes, Lord Odo Russell, Emperor Wil­ liam I, Tsar Alexander II, Queen Victoria, and a host of supporting characters, among them Blowitz, a newspaper correspondent. The contest, however...

... in war. Nicholas I, the martinet, ruled through an omnipresent police regime and terrorized the schools and the press, but could not prevent a rising discon­ tent. Alexander II, the Tsar Liberator, was a wavering, indecisive con­ servative, who for most of his reign depended on a reactionary police ma­...

... into Russia and entered the service of the tsars. In the course of generations the family became russified, but they never forgot their Scotch origin, and the story of the border raids and of the proud independence of their ancestors was passed down from generation to generation. This was his father s pride...

... intense dislike for such Western politicians as Palmerston and Louis Napoleon was more than matched by his inveterate hatred for that fount of counterrevolution, Tsarist Russia. He was quick therefore to see through the Tsar s friendly overtures to Britain for the parti­ tion of the decadent Ottoman...

...Lazar Volin The South Atlantic Quarterly Vol. L January, 1951 Number 1 RUSSIA WAS ALWAYS LIKE THAT? LAZAR VOLIN* T) USSIA WAS always like that. Do you think it was better f\. under the tsars? There has always been a Siberia. Too often this retort is heard from liberal-minded, well-meaning people...

...Albert Parry Copyright © 1950 by Duke University Press 1950 NO TWO NATIONS SO UNLIKE ALBERT PARRY PYOTR Alekseyevich Dementyev, a Russian noble, landed on America s shores in June, 1882, fleeing from the Tsar s gen­ darmes. The substance of his trouble with Alexander III was never made wholly...

..., was another matter. The cataclysmic events of the later eighteenth and early nineteenth century had shaken all Europe to its foundations. In Russia, the most reactionary of all tsars, Nicholas I, sought in every possible way to strangle thought and utterance. Rigorous censorship and persecution, however...

... is extremely broad. 134 The South Atlantic Quarterly It starts with a brief chapter on Russia s defeat in World War I and then describes at length the evolution of the Tsar s empire in the Far East. The Revolution of 1917 as it affected eastern Siberia is then brought in and with it the whole complex...

..., from a prison cell, he urged Nicholas I to head a Slavic federation, and in 1862 he called on Alexander II to lead a popular revolution in Russia which would help the other Slavs to freedom. Needless to say, these projects proved to be chimeras. The author shows that the tsars had little interest...

... States, now proBritish, opposed Russia diplomatically as well as sentimentally: Russian imperialism in the Far East and the brutality of the Russian government at home alienated both government and people. For a brief span the overthrow of the Tsar in 1917 resulted in a wave of American cordiality...

... and the intention to re­ dress the consequences of unequal treaties imposed upon them by the tsars, the Soviet leadership proclaims the sacredness of the boundaries of the national soil. Consistently, the United States and the Soviet Union joined hands in condemning the 1956 AngloFrench intervention in Egypt...

... the Tsar or his empire. He even searched the past to find words of praise and then gave Russia credit for setting America the example by liberating twenty million serfs one of the brightest pages that has graced the world s history since written history had birth. National character was judged by Twain...

... sudden mergers of fervor for Orthodoxy and en­ thusiasm for Russia s expanding power; for in his vision of the future the interests of Orthodoxy, the Tsar, the Russian people, and the rest of mankind were indivisible, notwithstanding temporary igno­ rance and suspicion of Russia s motives on the part...