...George Matthew Dutcher Copyright © 1918 by Duke University Press 1918 The Question of Poland* George Matthew Dutcher Professor of History in Wesleyan University President Wilson in his address to the United States Senate on January 22, 1917, before Germany had proclaimed her un­ restricted...

...Warren Lerner Copyright © 1973 by Duke University Press 1973 Poland in 1920 A Case Study in Foreign-Policy Decision Making Under Lenin Warren Lerner The Soviet-Polish War of 1920 suffered an era of unexplained neglect by historians for almost half a century. Soviet historians simply preferred...

...William R. Rock Copyright © 1966 by Duke University Press 1966 The British Guarantee to Poland, March, 1939: A Problem in Diplomatic Decision-Making William R. Rock In an article appearing several years ago in a major journal on foreign affairs, an eminent American historian turned...

...Joseph J. Mathews Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945. Series D (1937-1945), Volume V: Poland; The Balkans; Latin America; the Smaller Powers, June 1937-March 1939 . Department of State . Washington : Government Printing Office , 1953 . Pp. lxxxvi , 958 . $3.25 . Copyright...

... is discussed every- where with the same fervor—no place in the world is an exception. I would like to illustrate these theoretical remarks with two examples. First, the severe winter of 1978–79 in Poland showed the incapability of the Communist state to organize even the most rudimentary forms...

... ethnic nationalities, plans are advanced to shift hundreds of thousands of persons from one country to an­ other. An exchange of minorities involving two million people is under way between Poland and the Western Ukraine and Western Bielorussia (White Russia), recently incorporated into the Soviet Union...

... the University of Warsaw in 1925. He then went off to Paris Law School, where he studied public law and economics, writing his doctoral disserta­ tion in the field of international law. After he received the doctor of law degree in 1927, he returned to Poland, where he embarked on an illustrious career...

... of Prague (March, 1939) had forced an apparent change of policy, embodied in the guarantee to Poland, the search for agreement with Germany continued via nondiplomatic channels. Only the invasion of Poland brought the hopes for appeasement for an Anglo-German settlement which would assure peace in Europe...

... a false statement, since Germany was disu­ nited and divided long before the Thirty Years War. Before and after that war Germany was the international chessboard on which the great powers played for spheres of influence. France, England, Swe­ den, Poland, Denmark, and Holland all displayed vital interest...

... of the Friends of Poland. How significant were their financial contributions? What were the motives of the men who organized this support? The first exiles to come to England in large numbers since the Napoleonic Wars were the Poles who came in the wake of the un­ successful revolution of 1830-1831. The most...

... an Anglo-French-Soviet agreement, which alone might have deterred Hitler from attacking Poland. The effort failed for many reasons. Among them was the very understandable refusal of our Polish allies to permit Russian troops on their soil, even as allies, and above all the determination of Stalin...

... and independence throughout the century. She held most of Poland in subjection, suppressing two Polish revolutions with massive force. In alliance with Prussia and Austria, Russia acted as the gendarme of Europe, not only holding down her own restive nationalities, but also encouraging and aiding her allies...

..., instantly to stop the horrible murder in order to save the German youth. At once. At once. Before the catastrophe can happen. At once, before millions, before the whole German nation is slaughtered. Total war! In Poland it was decided rapidly enough. In days. Poland was gone, Warsaw a shambles. In its ruins...

... exhibits of graphic arts or otherwise restricted exhibitions which toured various East European capitals." Poland, by far the best-documented and studied example (except precisely in its relations to the Soviet model), at this point demon­ strated a very advanced institutionalization of Modernist plastic...

... ground almost everywhere for more than a century. The war itself stimulated the march of democracy. England and the United States gave votes to women. The Russians, Austrians, and Germans disposed of their more or less absolutist rulers. The new states, such as Czecho­ slovakia and Poland, started...

... of the Russian State 295 their own hordes and march as far into Russia as they wished. Stefan Batory, one of Poland s ablest kings, shattered Ivan IV s armies in Livonia in the 1570 s but then failed to persuade his Polish followers to invade Muscovite territory. For the Russians this was a demonstration not so...

... to Germany than to the problem of maintaining the liberties of the formerly subjected peoples, especially those of Poland and South­ eastern Europe. He repeatedly affirmed the necessity of guaran­ teeing the political and economic independence and the territorial integrity of these countries. The danger...

..., one might say his claim to modernity, to find belief in nothing but the permanence of memory.2 The lineaments of his manhood were forged in the graveyard of Poland, and his heart remained true: the survivor guilt he suffered in exile became the wellspring of his narrative art.3 It is crucial...

... Poland for Germany. But more than that remained. There was no general expulsion. In spite of many outright cessions, some of them absolutely indefensible according to any application of the principle of self-determination in the Paris treaties, wrote Sarah Wambaugh, it remains true that in comparison...

... of vis­ ible sign of change, Chamberlain decided precipitately, without enough consideration of its implications, to announce the famous British guar­ antee to Poland of March 31. In the months that followed, every hint of Chamberlain s relapse into appeasement was met by instant attacks from still...