..., and juxtapositions? The principles of classification behind these indi­ vidual compilations vary considerably, ranging from topical and ge­ neric to occasional. Hence, while one compiler might collect poems of courtly love or saints lives, another will gather didactic treatises or texts by Chaucer. And yet another...

... perceptive of the writers of romance, Chretien and the Gawain poet, see even in the idealized questing knight (who almost certainly never actually existed) the essential tragedy of fife inherent in the confused standards of the archetypal courtly society, the great majority of the romancers presented, even...

... for systems of civilization. For the Cavalier the most potent source of damming is in love matters. The old system of courtly love, which bourgeois Jean de Meun so broadly satirized in the latter part of The Romance of the Rose, was a part of the heritage of the original Cavalier and held almost without...

... century? Following up on Henry Ansgar Kelly s contention that Chaucer s interest in tragedy was unusual in the fourteenth century,1 I suggest that Chaucer used courtly love and the figure of Fortune to develop a poetics of tragic interiority that was decisive for the artificing of life in subsequent...

... Thomson. Stan­ ford: Stanford University Press, 1965. Pp. xiv, 298. $7.50. In spite of recent work by Sergio Baldi, John Thompson, and espe­ cially Kenneth Muir, Thomas Wyatt remains an enigma. This is partly because of our imperfect understanding of the aesthetic of the courtly makers who domesticated...

... utilized in his Teseide, which in turn was used by Chaucer in the conclusion of the Troilus. It is useful to remember, in other words, that courtly love and earthly vanity were always ineluctably associated in Chaucer s mind. The very incongruity of the Somnium Scipionis and St. Valentine s Day quickly...

... is motivated by the problems of tradi­ tional astrology, that it should be understood as an outgrowth from the mystery cycles of the fourteenth century, and perhaps most suggestive of all, that it is a satiric attack on the ideals of courtly love.1 The significant point here is that all of these diverse ap­...

... of the aesthetic of the courtly makers who domesticated the new poetry of Italy to England during the reign of Henry VIII. A full-scale study of Wyatt, on the order, say, of R. W. Renwick s Edmund Spenser would be a welcome addition to the sparse collection of studies of early Tudor literature now available...

... in the ob­ jective relationships of men and women in the Middle Ages explains the confounding of those relationships in the art of the troubadours. What impulse, then, occasions that art? Where no answer is sure, any answer is tentative. Perhaps the root of courtly love is to be found, for a wonder...

... to worship, and the song they contrived, dedicated to fin amor: true love, courtly love, whose burden is merci, the plea of the knight become suppliant to the reticent mistress, become master. There follows then the progress of the lyric of the courtois, from its inception in the Midi, perhaps as early...

..., but that was but courtesy. Lechery, by this hand. (ll.i.236-40,251-54) The charge is unjust, we may say, because Cassio takes the con­ ventional and courtly role at face value. Reputation, reputation, he will cry when Othello dismisses him, I ha lost the immortal part of myself. He plays by spoken rules, and perhaps...

.... The poetry of the multiple effect, as that of the mature Shakespeare and that of John Donne, is the reflection of a society essentially dramatic, namely, the hierarchical and ritualistic society of the first two Stuarts. This society was one imbued with the love of courtly splendor, with a love of sensuous...

... A. Coleman and James Rolleston plane I Fig. II-3. Body sectioned in midsagittal plnne. Figure 2. Female model, with hair ribbon. Fig. 11-4. The body planes. The bow evokes the opposite pole of patriarchal discourse: courtli­ ness. Courtliness is in evidence throughout the generally restrained description...

... 4790) introduces Walter as an elegant, courtly bachelor, and explains how and why he was persuaded to marry. The prologue concludes with a final appearance of the authorial je, speaking now directly to the audience in the second person: Si com tout ce et autres choses Vous seront orendroit descloses...

... of passive observation of the courtly life, is to ignore the responsibilities of his position. It may be argued, of course, that renunciation of kingship under certain circumstances is not necessarily a sin against the holy order. One can, for example, invoke the authority of Thomas Fuller who, in preaching...

..., or a courtly lover. Here, in all these versions, each emphasizing the facet of conduct thought important, may be seen the medieval equivalent of the kaloskagathos or liberalis. However, if only in the novel part played by women in shaping their version of the masculine eidolon, the departure from the classical...

..., apropos of The Testament of Cresseid, focuses upon their treatment of the characters of the Troilus story and their attitude to Courtly Love (illustrated also in the fable of Schir Chantecleir and the Foxe ) and shows up their differ­ ences both in age and in literary power. The long chapter...

...Edd Winfield Parks Book Reviews 459 as this class had formerly been regarded as inferior and often ridiculous by the courtly comedy of the Restoration, entirely different comic themes and types of character had to be discovered if this new class of London folk were to be properly entertained...

..., apropos of The Testament of Cresseid, focuses upon their treatment of the characters of the Troilus story and their attitude to Courtly Love (illustrated also in the fable of Schir Chantecleir and the Foxe ) and shows up their differ­ ences both in age and in literary power. The long chapter...

..., the hierarchical and ritualistic society of the first two Stuarts. This society was one imbued with the love of courtly splendor, with a love of sensuous beauty in all things, with a sense of the tragedy of human existence. Mr. Cruttwell juxtaposes the old and the new visions of life, the old Anglo-Catholic view...