... for an objective study which reveals a surprisingly different and intelligible Amerigo Vespucci. Perhaps after four centuries Amerigo himself is at last being discovered. alan k. Manchester The Bourgeoisie in i8th Century France. By Elinor G. Barber. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955. Pp. x, 165. $3.50...

... Republic between different elements of the national bourgeoisie. Biology was critical to this struggle because it offered conceptual resources that the largely liberal terms of French academic philosophy did not possess for conceptualizing the differentiation and interdependence of social elements...

... litical direction and infused a revolutionary purpose into the demo­ cratic idealism of Rousseau. Young nobles, like Lafayette, who re­ turned from America with the prestige of heroes and apostles, and the young bourgeoisie, like Brissot de Warville, who looked to America as the promised land of liberty...

... economic exploitation or oppression of southern minority groups by the northern bourgeoisie. The leftists, representing the third school of thought, believe that the most decisive factor in the southern problem is imperialism. They do not accept the logic of racial differences justifying...

..., ardently desired and yet generally disapproved. On the one hand, the bourgeoisie wished a social system in which advancement was attainable, and yet, on the other, it worshipped the principle of class distinctions to the point of condemning persons who succeeded in crossing them. The great ideal...

... Africans nationalistic reasons for favoring democracy and capitalism, to give them an African bourgeoisie. South Africa’s version of capitalist democracy, as advanced by the ANC under President Thabo Mbeki, uses racial nationalism to undergird democratic government; uses democratic government to ratify...

... toward more right-wing, repressive policies within the existing institutional framework.) Why should the bourgeoisie favor fascism? Hasn't white supremacy served to maintain its rule so far? A turn to fascism by US capital would be a sign of extreme weakness in this respect, a symptom of the severe...

..., which for centuries had identified itself politically and economically with the world of the bourgeoisie, and the working class on the other, a great majority of which had come to consider the Church as belonging to the others. In 1944, a French priest, the Abbe Henri Godin, completed a study...

.... 124. The eighteenth century in France was a time of great interest in the theory and history of the French constitution among legists, publicists, and, indeed, the bourgeoisie and the nobility in general. This was a part of the prelude to the French Revolution and is a vital subject for scholars...

... and the Social Question in the Old Regime 1700-1789. By Lester B. Mason. Bonn, Germany: Printed by Heinrich Trapp, 1954. Pp. 124. The eighteenth century in France was a time of great interest in the theory and history of the French constitution among legists, publicists, and, indeed, the bourgeoisie...

... Friedrich List. This shift in policy enabled the Unionists to combine the principle of state control over the economy with preferential treatment toward the Turkish/Muslim bourgeoisie. Relatedly, the CUP, with the purpose of nurturing the indigenous industry, undertook fundamental economic measures...

... the bourgeoisie [sic], of harming others to benefit oneself and of putting profit-making first, the rotten bourgeois notion of placing money above everything else in all cases, and the ideas of anarchism and extreme individualism. They must launch activities stressing civility, politeness, order, moral­ ity...

... -parte approach. The general reader may well join the scholar in gratitude to Arciniegas for an objective study which reveals a surprisingly different and intelligible Amerigo Vespucci. Perhaps after four centuries Amerigo himself is at last being discovered. alan k. Manchester The Bourgeoisie in i8th...

... or the Khatmiyya made them less attractive to important strata of the bourgeoisie or petty bourgeoisie (such as intellectuals, lawyers, engineers, etc The quality and influence of the Communist leadership (Secretary General ʿAbd al-Khaliq Mahjub, trade union chief Shafiʿ Ahmad al-Sheikh, Joseph...

... because Trotsky was attacking it with redoubled vigor. Stalin always had considered this alliance a coalition of workers, peasants, and bourgeoisie, and he argued that the defection of the bourgeoisie made it doubly imperative to retain the support of the peasants. He maintained that the principal task...

... was the abstract metaphysical rubbish the phi­ losophers were feeding the German petty bourgeoisie, by which they were destroying the communist movement. Engels presented these wise gentlemen A Fragment of Fourier s concerning Commerce as a corrective example. It is true, he admitted, that Fourier was not cast...

... footnotes, Hezārkhānī (Gramsci 1347d : 29) is keen to stress that Gramsci's chief concern was with classes and class society, affirming them as the “main” or “primary social groups” ( gurū-e ejtemā’ī-ye aslī ) of society, and that it was one of these groups, namely, the bourgeoisie or the proletariat...

... countries that have remained under the control of the bourgeoisie. As the time for this approaches, the proletariat of the home countries of imperialism, who at the beginning of the process may be far removed temporally or geographically from world revolution, are prepared for revolution by the continuous...

... to the machine and the assembly line. They stress also the narrow, cautious attitude of the French bourgeoisie, who seem to carry over from the past the feudal code that branded trade and manufacturing as ignoble. As Sawyer judiciously notes, it was a petty bourgeois structure and outlook, a vestige...

... the life and death of the bourgeoisie as Trotsky noted is not going to be resolved by reference to the paragraphs of the Constitution, but by the use of all forms of violence. In Russia, the White Guards had to be annihilated before they crushed the proletariat, giving rise to an absurd paradox: in order...