... that early neoliberal thinkers mobilized a racialized argument against economic planning, which they depicted as a threat from “the East” and a regression to a “primitive” pre-capitalist, egalitarian morality. Against this neoliberal argument, I retrieve the Austrian philosopher Otto Neurath’s argument...

... costs or average labor time, the essays by Austrian communist Otto Neurath which spawned the debate in fact argued that calculation could and should take place in kind, in terms of physical units rather than money units and with an eye to the satisfaction of a range of fundamentally incom- mensurable...