... Copyright © 2022 by Small Axe, Inc. 2022 anarchism Counter-Republic of Letters Caribbean working-class intellectual communities On Monday, 10 April 1922, a worker from the town of Río Piedras phoned the headquarters of the Federación Libre de Trabajadores de Puerto Rico (FLT; Free Federation...

... with other organizations that included left positions and politics. The work of Oliver Cox and of a range of intellectuals—including George Padmore, and Aimé Césaire in Discourse on Colonialism (1955)—signify here. Some would also see a theoretical model that offered the best analysis of class...

...). In this assessment, Thomas radically shifted the rules of the British literary criticism and class hierarchy by emphatically asserting the superiority of a writing style that bears witness to the hard work of self-taught knowledge, a literature fashioned through political imperative not determined by aesthetic...

... handicaps, the dissenting intellectuals carelessly overlooked possibilities for reconstructing party leaders' distorted summoning of civility, manners, and personal conduct as the sole possession of the brown middle class. The rebellious poor, for their part, rejected displays of disciplined personal...

...) into an effective multivoiced essay about the white, brown, and black middle classes that had access to the policy-making upper echelons of the People’s National Party. Autobiographically, she narrates how the politics of the 1970s imploded her domestic sphere and her parents’ marriage—leaving her mother...

... • DOI 10.1215/07990537-1334167 © Small Axe, Inc. 35 • July 2011 • Ifeoma Kiddoe Nwankwo  |  187 natural association of Creole languages with “folk” or working class “authenticity”—might appear from the vantage point...

... revealing his own radical skepticism of the nationalist project. By the 1960 publication of The Last Enchantment , Dawes had quit Jamaica. Frustrated with what he perceived as an insecure and dishonest middle class, he sought more meaningful nation-building work in Kwame Nkrumah's 1950s Ghana, where he...

... comfortable with working people than many other middle-class [intellectuals], many of us who were [less so]. I think this has a lot to do with Jamaica’s class divisions. So he’s able to give shape and form intellectually and politically, but not necessarily organizationally, to something...

... of universal human dignity—indeed, women in these communities who venture beyond the domestic realm risk being lumped with natives or the lower class. One of the central tenets of Hall’s study is that these conservative elements were always already present in much of the pro- gressive political...

... to the JLP repression took many forms. There were various nationalist groups and organizations, many of which came together behind the Abeng Newspaper. Many of these groups were formed by radical intellectuals of middle-class backgrounds. Through them, the militance...

... for appreciating the real scope of his contribution. Easily, Charles was one of the most formidable Jamaican intellectuals of his generation, a thinker whose body of work—including six published books: The Racial Contract ; Blackness Visible ; From Class to Race ; Contract and Domination (with Carole Pateman...

...Louis Chude-Sokei The Black Scholar ( TBS ), established in 1969, emerged from a public confluence of black political and cultural movements—black power, black arts, Pan-Africanism and decolonization, black feminism, and the emergence of a black political class. As primary intellectual organ...

... more closely the current interest in investigating the creases within Caribbean personhood and the diverse tensions borne out by internal differences of class, language, race, sexuality, gender, and ethnic ancestry, as I have already begun to do in some of my work.2 2...

... relatively secure class position but one that was not shared by most of his contemporaries. While it is clear that he paid a high price for being so open about his sexuality, as well as for his interest in cross-class and cross-generational erotic/sexual relations, Tony’s work drew strength and insight from...

... of itself: retaining/ revising the boundaries of its identity, sustaining/altering the shape of its self-image, defending/resisting its conceptions of history and community. It seems to us that many of the conceptions that guided the formation of our Caribbean modernities—conceptions of class...

... anger into responsibility. CJ: Yes. But when I look at some of the educated middle class, I see people who have denied their anger and who have turned it into something else. As a matter of fact, if they were to express it like the working class, it would be a step forward. I don’t know if I am...

... in colleagues’ classes at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, and was met with students’ polite disinterest. In the course Caribbean Political Philosophy, when I asked how many knew who Kamau Brathwaite was, barely five students raised their hands out of a class of thirty. There is a longer...

... in that period needs to be interpreted. The Williams regime had been weakened significantly among the trade-unionized working class by the state of emergency that had been declared in the mid-1960s. The regime had lost credibility with the black urban poor in the squandering of the eight years after independence...

... Rodney’s critique of his Mona colleagues’ conservatism and his deep engagement with working-class Black communities in Jamaica are evident in Walter Rodney, The Groundings with My Brothers (1969; repr., London: Bogle-L’Ouverture, 1983). A fiftieth anniversary reprint includes a new introduction and five...

... is that it comes at the expense of careful consideration of such issues as the culture of business, investment practices, professional networks, and economic control, issues that Caribbean studies is well positioned to take up. The debates of the late 1980s over the relationship between race and economic class...