..., black is not always black, nor is white always white. One cannot find, as is true of America, a polarization of cultural opposites along racial lines. . . . Black in Jamaica is less a colour, and more like a way of being” (GHT, 78). And later: “Jamaicans, and West Indians as a whole, regard colour...

... to refocus the underlying concepts of the shifting paradigms of power that are present in the stickfi ght and embedded in the historical development of carnival as a religious and secular event that contests the social and political status quo. References to shifting power and power struggles...

.... But that morning, as I made my way through the gauntlet of white kids to the back of the bus, they started teasing me again. “He showed you who was the man. He showed you, you Bill Gates wannabe.” I didn’t want a fi ght that morning, so all I could do was hold my book bag close to my body and slump into my...

... democratic regime. Aristide exhorts his “family” to fi ght against “the neo-liberalism that secretes an endemic violence.” At the end of this same speech, recalling in French the Vertières episode as the “victory of the nation’s unity,” the “victory of the black race,” Aristide, overfl...

.... As Kelley comments memorably in his essay on the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (composed of Americans who went to fi ght against the fascists in Spain), many African Americans became focused on that battle- ground precisely because there was no international mobilization against the concurrent Italian...

... a class and racial privilege under slavery and indentureship, a site around which aaxexe assertions of community and racial kinship would coalesce, and something that both women and men who were excluded from its terms fought (and continue to fi ght) for What is striking...

... emotional growth of each of the characters. At home in Rocky Gap, Ray struggles to farm in land that cannot sustain life. 7 e arid, rocky, barren land in Rocky Gap con- stantly fi ghts Ray and his attempts at entrepreneurship and a life beyond the plantation. Small Axe 10, September 2001: pp. 178–182...

... country, the Soviet Union is, by Carter’s defi nition, committed to “a fi ght for freedom from imperialism” and to placing “the means of production . . . in the hands of the people,” and thus Carter recognizes anyone speaking against social- ism as “an enemy of colonial people fi ghting for freedom Th...

... about the fi ght for independence, apart from Évelyne perhaps, who recently wrote her novel Rosalie l’infâme (Rosalie the Infamouss), which deals with life under slavery, in the preindependence era. Th ere are always allusions to the revolution, references that serve as elements...

.... As part of their own fi ght to gain political power, they sided with the lower class and defended at strategic times their carnival activities against the British white administration’s repeated attempts to curtail them. As will be shown below, it is this special in-between position of the Creole...

... the world. 6 Indeed, James, in his lecture Walter Rodney and the Question of Power (London: Race Today Publications, 1983), 4, states that he, Aimé Césaire, George Padmore, Dr. DuBois, and others “had to fi ght the doctrines of the imperialist powers in order to establish some Caribbean...

... whom never left their home states, deciding to join the Communist International or the Abraham Lincoln Brigade to fi ght fascism in Spain? How would we understand black domestics in Cuba, Panama, or Jamaica who were staunch organizers for Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement...

... contingent, which revolted against the French to fi ght with his forces. Yet if Saint Domingue was a colony based on black plantation slavery, it was so because the indigenous population was no longer there. An unbreakable bond had been established with Europe and the West, a bond...

... was from another country. Of course, I was encouraged by both my cousin Mary and Jane to lighten up my tongue, and I tried because there were immediate benefi ts to doing so: fewer fi ghts with my school friends at I.S. 321, who were less hostile the moment my tongue began to lighten up. Bearing in mind...

... contribution to black writers the world over because it gave them a sense of being empowered. Black literature across the diaspora became a tool with which to fi ght prejudice and discrimination, and the white Western world was forced to take notice of this all-encompassing literary...

... of the fi ght, of minimizing the action of our fathers or of feigning incomprehension when considering their silence and passivity. . ey fought as well as they could, with the arms that they possessed then; and if the echoes of their struggle have not resounded in the international arena...

... So, tell them seh anytime Mi hungry again them ah goh see meh nine Police outta road sey dem a fi ght crime And holiday a come and mi nuh see the fi rst dime Tell them seh anytime the government policies ah undermine Poor people plight that a sure sign Corruption and war...

... with Michele Wucker’s metaphor of the cockfi ght to represent the political rapport between Haitians and Dominicans through the centuries, Matibag covers the history of exchange in Hispaniola starting with the depopulation of the western lands in 1605. He follows the emergence of the French...

... centuries in Jamaica, rural Jamaicans “created new forms of religion” HHeathereather SSmythmyth that aided in their political resistance: “the Caribbean masses were able to fi ght back by using distinctive cultural tools Myalism...

... why a “big fi ght” ended the collaborative relationship between writers once the fi lming process began. ssmallmall What is conspicuously missing from the stunning DVD edition is Rhone’s version aaxexe of the story. Whatever the truth may be about the Henzell and Rhone duo, Henzell’s...