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Toussaint Louverture
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Journal Article
Small Axe (2022) 26 (1 (67)): 30–54.
Published: 01 March 2022
...Chelsea Stieber This essay analyzes the genre of mémoire produced by gens de couleur (free people of color) within the colonial and military bureaucracy of revolutionary Saint-Domingue. Building on recent scholarship on Toussaint Louverture’s 1802 “Mémoire du général Toussaint Louverture...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2007) 11 (2): 194–208.
Published: 01 June 2007
...Charles Forsdick Central to Madison Smartt Bell's trilogy of novels on the Haitian Revolution is the character of Toussaint Louverture. The article considers how Bell's Toussaint fits into two centuries of representations of the revolutionary leader, exploring in particular the ways in which his...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2024) 28 (2 (74)): 17–33.
Published: 01 July 2024
... such as Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines in C. L. R James’s 1967 dramatic adaptation of his 1938 The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution . Instead, it examines a critical but often neglected character: a fictional woman named Celestine. In a play obsessed...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2007) 11 (2): 177–183.
Published: 01 June 2007
...Laurent Dubois This essay discusses the ways in which Madison Smartt Bell's novel The Stone That the Builder Refused represents the history of the Haitian Revolution, and particularly the figure of Toussaint Louverture. It argues that the novel engages usefully with the problem of how we can...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2019) 23 (3 (60)): 87–103.
Published: 01 November 2019
...Raj Chetty This essay approaches the stage versions of Toussaint Louverture (1934) and The Black Jacobins (1967), first, to emphasize the role of C. L. R. James’s collaborations in the creation of the plays, and second, to argue that the latter version of the play presents a radical feminism...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2008) 12 (3 (27)): 1–13.
Published: 01 October 2008
...; 2003, the bicentenary of Toussaint Louverture’s death; 2007,
the abolition of the slave trade in the British empire . . . Together with 1998, the sesquicen-
tenary of the (second) abolition of slavery in the French colonial empire, these interwoven
commemorative moments have ensured that slavery...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2010) 14 (3 (33)): 152–162.
Published: 01 November 2010
... Saint-Domingue, c’est étudier une des origins, une des sources, de l’actuelle
civilisation occidentale.
—Aimé Césaire, Toussaint Louverture
“To study Saint-Domingue is to study one of the origins, one of the sources, of contemporary
Western Civilization.”1 But in precisely what senses might...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2008) 12 (3 (27)): 14–31.
Published: 01 October 2008
... Revolutionaries—not
just Toussaint Louverture but also, as Carolyn Fick has demonstrated, the whole multitude
of Haitian slaves—fought to institute an emancipatory social structure that would allow for
1. “Bossale” refers to the slaves of Saint-Domingue born in Africa and subsequently brought by force...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2005) 9 (2): 16–23.
Published: 01 September 2005
...,
Small Axe 18, September 2005: pp. 16–23
ISSN 0799-0537
“Th ey have cut down the tree of peace but it will grow again”—a near repeat of the very
words Toussaint Louverture spoke when he was kidnapped by General Leclerc in 1803?
Did not Prime Minister Latortue, in a moment of Dessalinian fervor...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2014) 18 (3 (45)): 35–51.
Published: 01 November 2014
... of striving and a longing for overcoming can be told. After all, part of the way universal history works in The Black Jacobins is through James's heroic figuration of Toussaint Louverture. What is at stake for James in this figuration? What conceptual-political labor does it perform? I think that answering...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2007) 11 (2): 209–216.
Published: 01 June 2007
... of the surrounding societies who have spent roughly two hundred years
steadfastly refusing to hear anything about it.
It’s true, as Laurent Dubois declares, that I have now written a strictly nonfictional biog-
raphy of Toussaint Louverture. For the novelist it is very painful to sacrifice the privilege...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2005) 9 (2): v–vii.
Published: 01 September 2005
..., for they are deep and numerous.)
—Toussaint Louverture, 1802
Dans l’ombre de Toussaint Louverture, le genie de la race, je déclare qu’en me renversant on n’a abattu que
le tronc de l’arbre de la paix; il repoussera par les racines parce qu’elles sont louverturiennes...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2005) 9 (2): viii–xiii.
Published: 01 September 2005
..., for they are deep and numerous.)
—Toussaint Louverture, 1802
Dans l’ombre de Toussaint Louverture, le genie de la race, je déclare qu’en me renversant on n’a abattu que
le tronc de l’arbre de la paix; il repoussera par les racines parce qu’elles sont louverturiennes...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2005) 9 (2): 1–15.
Published: 01 September 2005
... the free colored leaders who had been defeated by Toussaint
Louverture and who had consequently been forced into exile in France. Following a
switch of sides, whereby the mulatto leaders aligned themselves with the former slaves,
the war of independence was won in Haiti...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2013) 17 (3 (42)): 203–212.
Published: 01 November 2013
... and color had paradoxically little choice but to begin their rule with despotic structures of governance. Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, and Alexandre Pétion were all archetypes of a form of despotic messianic rule, which lacked the administrative capacity and reach...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2008) 12 (3 (27)): 175–178.
Published: 01 October 2008
..., the first of his trilogy on the Haitian Revolution, was published, fol-
lowed by Master of the Crossroads (2000) and The Stone That the Builder Refused (2004). Most
recently he is the author of the biography Toussaint Louverture: A Life (2007). Born and raised
in Tennessee, he now lives in Baltimore...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2005) 9 (2): 57–85.
Published: 01 September 2005
...: Lee and Shepard,
1892), 468–94; and Victor Schoelcher, Vie de Toussaint Louverturee (Paris: Karthala, 1982).
Twentieth-century writers and scholars have continued to celebrate and revitalize the revolutionary
historical moment and its heroes. A selection...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2019) 23 (1 (58)): 1–16.
Published: 01 March 2019
... of Dessalines is followed instead of that of the “statesman” Toussaint Louverture: In Toussaint you have a man whose bond, whose acts of mercy are the sole bright episodes against one of the darkest backgrounds of history. . . . The many tales of his acts of generosity, no one of which militated in any degree...
FIGURES
Journal Article
Small Axe (2007) 11 (2): 163–176.
Published: 01 June 2007
... Refused (2004) offers a
truly epic, complex, engaged narrative of the slave uprisings, the political intrigues, and the rise
of Toussaint Louverture as a quintessentially Haitian hero, caught between France and Africa,
tradition and modernity, revenge and forgiveness, hatred...
Journal Article
Small Axe (2005) 9 (2): 109–123.
Published: 01 September 2005
...-imperialism
and dictatorship, which was a signature of all early Haitian autocrats from Toussaint
Louverture and Dessalines to Christophe. Baron de Vastey, the latter dictator’s state
theoretician, propagated this mixture to the detriment of the French and the southern
republicans...
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