... New York Times article published in 1953 and entitled “Key Force in the Middle East: The Mob”: Provide Tehran with a political stir and out pours the mob from its slums and shanty towns no matter what the pretext for a demonstration. . . . Identical crowds can be drawn into the street by very...

... of the war in present day Iran. Melissa Hibbard and Hamid Rahmanian took the accompanying photos in Behesht-e Zahra (Zahra's Paradise), Tehran's gargantuan cemetery. MARHO: The Radical Historians' Organization, Inc. 2009 Curated Spaces Memory, Mourning, Memorializing On the Victims of Iran-Iraq...

... eslami-ye Iran nesbat be enqelab va entefaze-ye felestin (The Positions of the Leaders of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the Palestinian Revolution and Intifada) (Tehran: Islamic Consultative Assembly, 2001), 73. Khamenei also referred to the Holocaust when he gave his support...

... al-shar‘¯ahı (Islamic punishment code).19 From Celebration to Ambivalence That celebratory view of the Islamic leadership faded away a few months after Khomeini’s return to Tehran. After the triumph of the revolution, revolutionary groups and parties divided, and Khomeini’s powerful...

... commodity, particularly in the post – 9/11 context. There are high- brow iterations like Azar Nafisi’sReading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books and Things I’ve Been Silent About: Memoirs, as well as the more popular books, nowa- days many of them by Afghan women.18 This latter group of texts is often...

... is currently on research leave from her position as assistant professor of sociology at the American University in Cairo. Janet Afary received her M.A. from Tehran University and her Ph.D. in modern Middle East history from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor...

... in the previous cen- tury, and the small Iranian intelli entsia was active in the 1906-11 Constitutional Revolution in 1ran;’in Rasht, Mashhad, Tabriz, and Tehran. The Constitutional Revolution allowed the socialist trade unions and political organizations to develop and become firmly rooted in Iran...

... to Iran was on September 16, 1978, after the Black Friday massacre of September 8, when the army opened fire on several thousand protesters at Jaleh Square in Tehran. He returned to Europe on September 24 and was granted an audience with Khomeini at his...

... enduring effects. These include the revival of the Association of Iranian Writers (after being closed and having its members perse- cuted a few times during the early years of the revolutionary period), the establish- ment of the Tehran International Book Fair, and the creation of the International...

.../ . Hedayat Bahareh . “ ‘Revolution Is Inevitable’: Bahareh Hedayat’s Letter from Evin Prison in Tehran, Iran .” Jadaliyya , January 4 , 2023 . https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/44720/Revolution-is-Inevitable-Bahareh-Hedayat%E2%80%99s-letter-from-Evin-Prison-in-Tehran,-Iran-December-2022 . Human...

... a master’s degree (DEA) from the University of Geneva specializing in interna- tional history and politics. He previously studied at the School of International Relations in Tehran. Having worked at several research institutions in Iran and in Switzerland, Ahouie is currently a visiting lecturer...

... ence serves as the essential symbol for the oppressive forces of Islam or the Islamic Republic of Iran, it has also proved a source of information that Western readers might not otherwise encounter. In Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Mem- oir in Books and Azadeh Moaveni’s Lipstick Jihad...

... in political science from Tehran University and his doctorate in sociology from American University, Washington, D.C.He is currently completing a book project entitled Political Culture of Contemporary Iran. Joel Beinin teaches Middle Eastern history at Stanford University and is a member...

... Friedman, “Sleepless in Tehran,” New York Times, October 28, 2008. 3. Afshin Molavi, “Economic Ills Fuel Iranian Dissent,” Washington Post, July 8, 2003. 4. See, for example, Jahangir Amuzegar, “Iran’s Third Development Plan: An Appraisal,” Middle East Policy 12 (2005): 46 – 63. For an opposing...

... the nightly chanting of “Allah-­O-­Akbar” by scores of people shouting from rooftops and balconies in Tehran (subsequently followed by videos made in other Iranian cities as well).1 By July of 2009, dozens of these pitch-­black videos began to circulate widely on the Internet. By December, I had...

... between Iran and Iraq (1980 – 88), Tehran’s ideological and political leverage in Lebanon, recent diplomatic tensions surrounding Iran’s development of nuclear energy, and various domestic miscarriages — can obscure the sense of empowerment and euphoria the Radical History Review Issue 105...

... Revolution and its charismatic leader, Ruhollah Khomeini, had been signaled by their capture of the entire thirty seats of Tehran’s Municipal Council in 2003 and of the seventh Majles (Parliament) in 2004, the general assumption shared by many Iranian and outside political analysts until the election...

...; there those who enjoy the freedom of anonymity it represents, and those who are not even Muslim. Even the ever resilient, and never particularly fundamentalist women in Tehran, many of whom have turned the veil into a fashion accessory (the Hermès scarf, jaun- tily tied with help from fashion magazines...

... and the Muslims (Washington, DC: Embassy of Saudi Arabia, 1989). MAP ASSIGNMENT On a regular-sized sheet of paper, draw a map showing the following cities and the borders of the countries in which they are now located: Mecca, Medina, Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Tehran, Fes, Jerusalem, Tehran...

... marginalized after the revolution — although the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art holds one of the largest collections of modern Western art outside Western Europe and North America — and saw the Christie’s auction as a signal of new opportunities. Christie’s constitutes a new venue for Iranian...