... at once, these new methods for spatial development are changing the form, function, economy, and administration of urban life. 2013 Figure 1 Songdo International Business District under construction, Incheon Free Economic Zone, South Korea, July 6, 2012. (Image: Jesse LeCavalier...

... LeCavalier, Nerea Calvillo, and Wolfgang Pietsch examine the remarkable project undertaken in Songdo, South Korea, to build, literally from the ground up, a “smart city.” It is a project that often reads like pages out of a fantasy novel, in which machines lead the way to a future utopia, where...

..., or South Korea’s ultimate “smart city” of Songdo. This phenomenon is not new, nor is it exclusive to the modern age. Many ideal towns built throughout the ages suffer from the same blandness and one- dimensionality. Filarete’s...

... “blank-slate” smart city projects, such as New Songdo in South Korea or Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates ( Greenfield 2013 : 76; Halpern et al. 2013) , European policy makers depict their version of the smart city as a transition from top-down urban planning to co-creative city making ( Aarhus...