...Kevin Lewis O'Neill Mara Salvatrucha, or MS-13, is a transnational criminal network that originated among Central American immigrants in Los Angeles during the gang wars of the 1980s. Since then U.S. deportation policies have transported MS-13 back to (and helped it expand in) Central America...

... was caught off guard. 2016 Central America gangs illicit economies violence September 9, 2011. Zone 8, Guatemala City . It’s 2:00 a.m. For the past several hours I have been hanging with Tommy and his workers in his carpentry shop. 1 Tommy maintains a number of small businesses—this shop...

...Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh Copyright © 1994 by The University of Chicago 1994 Literature Cited Horowitz , Ruth . 1987. “Community Tolerance of Gang Violence.” Social Problems 34 ( 5 ): 437 -450. Katz , Cindi , and Neil Smith. 1992. “L.A. Intifada: Interview with Mike Davis...

... disorder— including hundreds of poor looters trapped in ransacked lots—and hundreds of women and girls were gang-raped and tortured in these riots. This violence was directed, both systematically and spontaneously, at Indonesians of ethnic...

... of “gang ministry” in massively overcrowded and violent Central American prisons, especially in Gua- temala, opens with a consciously Foucauldian gesture: an account of the behead- 2 ing of “Gustavo,” a Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) gang member...

... Hong Kong 1997 All designs 0 1997 by Zhang Hongtu Good Luck for the Year of the Ox Welcome ! XlANG GANG XlANG GANG...

... in the smuggling business of the slick Shanghai gang that has moved into town. They double-cross him and he returns from jail in his original condition, a jabberer good only for scavenging tidbits from the family altar. Wen-hsiung ascribes the decline...

..., democratic public sphere and the lost promises of freedom from colonial rule. Bombay and its criminal gangs were, in particular, the subject of many of these films. More generally, the relationship between Bombay and popular cinema is a two-way street — cinema forms the genetic code of the city’s...

.... The most overt demonstration of this desire for cultural authenticity was white rapper Vanilla Ice’s claim that he had grown up amongst African American poverty and was once a victim of gang violence. Although he was white, he claimed that he...

... of their bodies. These women often found themselves doing long and harsh sentences in chain gangs, a punishment that could befall Black women of all ages. 12 While discussing the resurgence of chain gangs in the 1990s, Davis (2003 : 77) notes, “Since the population of women in prison now consists...

..., echoing a widespread sentiment: “It’s all tribes against one.” The third type of conflict arose in response to the targeting of Kikuyus and involved fights among groups of young men organized into ethnic vigilante gangs...

...- sentation (both 2009). His next book, tentatively titled “Two Ways Out,” is an ethnography of gang ministry in the Americas. Ashis Nandy is a political psychologist and sociologist of science who has worked on cultures of knowledge, visions...

... fondly as the best phase of his life. But his recollections did not fully bear out this sentiment. In his school friendships formed between Hindu and Muslim students, but there were also organized gangs 12. Rajni Bakshi, Bapu Kuti: Journeys in Rediscovery of Gandhi (New Delhi: Penguin, 1998...

..., the politics of immigration is closely tied to the politics of cities, and the violence surrounding immigration is intimately connected with urban youth, gangs, slums, and politics. In the recent hunt for Islamic terrorists in the subways of Paris...

... in Pisco Valley, Peru. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press. Phillips, Susan A. 1999. Wallbangin’: Graffiti and Gangs in L.A. Chicago: Uni- versity of Chicago Press. Purnell, Jennie. 1999. Popular Movements and State Formation in Revolutionary Mexico: The Agraristas and Cristeros of Michoacan. Durham...

... dangers, one may be transfigured from potential worker into a debilitated casualty. Given that pandilleros (gangs), cartels, and predatory police strew themselves along the migrant trail throughout Mexico, Central American and Mexican migrants organize themselves into caravans that provide safety...

... Margaret Mead Won the Second World War and Lost the Cold War . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Levenson, Deborah T. 2013. Adiós Niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death . Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Kwon, Soo Ah. 2013. Uncivil Youth: Race, Activism, and Affirmative...

....: Paradigm. Laczko, Frank. 2005 . Data and research on human trafficking. International Migration 43 , nos. 1–2 : 5 –16. Levitt, Steven, and Sudhir Venkatesh. 2000 . An economic analysis of a drug-selling gang's finances. Quarterly Journal of Economics 115 : 755 –89. Lindquist, Johan...

... violence to illuminate the relationship between economic privatization and privacy in India today. 2015 call centers cars class India masculinity rape culture violence The protests initially provoked by the gang rape and murder of a physiotherapy student on a bus in New Delhi...

... address one another as mano (brother).18 These are almost exclu- sively male groups that are relatively nonhierarchical and create strong ties among their members. However, they never call their groups “gangs,” and they are not territorial...