.... These restrictive adoption customs first originated during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) as a prescription for yangban elite; they were then codified as customary law for all Koreans under Japanese colonial rule (1910–45). The ban on non-agnatic adoption continued in the postcolonial period when it was codified...

... strategically registered adoptive children as birth children so as to guarantee the child's status as heir and future household head, despite legal prohibitions on non-agnatic kin fulfilling that socially valued role. Alexy illustrates the inflexibility of Japan's legal system when it comes to resolving family...

... household was formed-economic dependence, inferior status, political weakness-he specified how much was given, but not who-servant or natural or adopted son or daughter-received it.10 Unconcerned with kin- ship issues, Smith did...

..., or to celebrate ritual events . . . [and] can be transformed from ‘fungible to non- fungible, from profane to sacred27 That is, certain clothing may have been coded as currency- reproduced, circulated, and exchanged for use only within specific...