...Göran Nieragden This short article suggests a revision of the hierarchical levels of focalization and narration. It argues that greater precision in distinguishing degrees of both narrators' and characters' involvement in these distinct processes will result in a more flexible and more adequate...

...Theo Damsteegt It is argued that in internal focalization (e.g., interior monologue or internal sensory perception), the present tense serves to establish a seemingly direct, unmediated link with a character's mind. In reports of actions, too, the present tense may have this effect of providing...

... , especially the narrative dynamics of “alien” Neanderthal focalization versus “naturalizing” Homo sapiens narration. Ultimately, The Inheritors reminds the cognitivist of how language-bound the readerly effects of estrangement and integration in internal focalization can be. Conversely, the same novel serves...

... and determining their spatiotemporal coordinates and quantity. Similar to concepts of temporality, questions of experiencing and narrating subject(ivity), that is, “focalizer” and “voice,” are discussed in (quasi-)physical terms of space, time, and quantity. This inevitably leads us to ask whether a conceptual...

... vivid images occur when fictional acts of seeing force readers to shift from action-oriented visualization to object visualization. Some pertinent examples of these close-up, focalized descriptions of perception are discussed, which encourage substituting the automatic default mode with a more conscious...

... themselves to the structure’s functions at the level of plot, meaning, and rhetoric, notably including their generic variations, as exemplified by the three focal genres. © 2014 by Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics 2014 This article is based on parts of my doctoral dissertation...

...—spontaneous wandering and controlled return—that can be created in several sensory modalities. Complex enough to characterize Herbert’s poetry as meditative, the pattern of wandering from and returning to a focal image potentially defines a meditative literary mode with a distinctive relationship...

.... Focalization and Perspective Although the story is more or less the same in ‘‘Under the Rose’’ and V. chapter —referred to hereafter as V—there are considerable differences in the way the plot is developed.The most obvious of them affects the choice of perspective (Givón while in ‘‘Under the Rose...

... of art serve better than anything else to take readers back before “automatization.” The focalization shifts in Tolstoy's short story “Kholstomer” and in War and Peace , which Shklovsky uses as his examples, lead readers to see the world in a deeper fashion because farm life comes to be redescribed from...

... with a brief short story about the eruption of a quarrel between husband and wife. Van Peer and his colleague produced two more versions of this story, in which they added sentences focalized respectively through the husband and the wife...

... University Press . Fraser Allison . 2015 . “ Whose Mind Is the Signal? Focalization in Video Game Narratives .” In Proceedings of DiGRA 2015: Diversity of Play; Games—Cultures—Identities , vol. 12 . www.digra.org/digital-library/publications/whose-mind-is-the-signal-focalization-in-video-game...

...’’ and Luc Herman and Bart Vervaeck’s ‘‘Focalization between Classical and Postclassical Narratology the emphasis shifts from the act of narration to point of view or ‘‘focalization Rivara’s essay is, to my mind, the weakest in the book. He claims that studies of point of view have tended to neglect...

... and that of the characters. In the next two essays, René Rivara’s ‘‘A Plea for a Narrator-Centered Narratology’’ and Luc Herman and Bart Vervaeck’s ‘‘Focalization between Classical and Postclassical Narratology the emphasis shifts from the act of narration to point of view or ‘‘focalization Rivara’s essay is, to my...

...: 10) within the story world. The above quoted example displays a recurring rhetorical figure in Lafayette’s prose — an attempt to imagine a character’s state of mind through sociocultural exempla and maxims fol- lowed by a construction of a hypothetical courtly focalizer, a witness position (te...

..., and ideological frameworks may be brought to bear on the rhetoric of the fic- tion; any number of kinds of protagonists can be recruited whose fortunes the terrorism novel will be concerned to trace; and any number of focal points may be developed to guide the reader into the novel’s mental...

...’’ and Luc Herman and Bart Vervaeck’s ‘‘Focalization between Classical and Postclassical Narratology the emphasis shifts from the act of narration to point of view or ‘‘focalization Rivara’s essay is, to my mind, the weakest in the book. He claims that studies of point of view have tended to neglect...

... may be complicated in the literary text by various combinations between the discourse of the narrator and that of the characters. In the next two essays, René Rivara’s ‘‘A Plea for a Narrator-Centered Narratology’’ and Luc Herman and Bart Vervaeck’s ‘‘Focalization between Classical...

... (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press). Dickens, Charles 1985 [1860-61] Great Expectations (Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin). Diengott, Nilli 1995 “Narration and Focalization—The Implications for the Isme of Reliability in Narrative,” Journal of Literary Semiotics 24 : 42 -49. Ellis...

... -316. Herman, David 1994 “Hypothetical Focalization,” Narrative 2 (3): 230 -53. Jencks, Charles 1987 “Postmodern and Late Modern: The Essential Definitions,” Chicago Review 35 (4): 31 -58. Johnson, Deborah 1982 “Japanese Prints in Europe before 1840,” Burlington Magazine 124...

... on the more or less heavy saturation of a text by the photographic image. It will be possible to identify the modes and the devices that the texts implement, such as frames and fram- ing effects, focalization and point of view, the relationship between pho- tography and textual time...