The text of this article is only available as a PDF.
References
Allen, Harold B.
1989
. “Canadian Raising in the Upper Midwest
.” American Speech
64
, no. 1
(Spring): 74
–75
. https://doi.org/10.2307/455113
.Ayearst, Morley.
1939
. “A Note on Canadian Speech
.” American Speech
14
, no. (Oct.
): 231
–33
. .Berkson, Kelly; Davis, Stuart; Strickler, Alyssa.
2017
. “What Does Incipient /ay/- Raising Look Like? A Response to Josef Fruehwald
.” Language
93
, no. 3
: e181
–91
. .Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo.
2014
. “The Diachronic Rise and Synchronic Representation of Phonological Opacity: A Case Study
.” Paper presented at the 3èmes Rencontres d’Automne de Linguistique formelle: Langage, Langues et Cognition / 3rd Fall Meeting on Formal Linguistics: Langauge(s) and Cognition (RALFe 2014)
, Paris
, Oct. 9–10, 2014
.Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo.
2017
. “The Allophony of English /aI/ Reconsidered
.” Paper presented at the Phonetics Literature Enjoyment Group Meeting (PhLEGMe)
, Bloomington, Ind
, Sept. 19, 2017
. Handout available at http://www.bermudez-otero.com/Bloomington.pdf
.Britain, David.
1997
. “Dialect Contact and Phonological Reallocation: ‘Canadian Raising’ in the English Fens
.” Language in Society
26
, no. 1
(Mar.
): 15
–46
. .Carmichael, Katie.
2015
. “‘I’m So New Orleans, When I Go Out of Town People Ask Me If I’m Canadian’: Canadian Raising as an Innovation in New Orleans English
.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Dialect Society
, Portland, Ore
., Jan. 8–11, 2015
.Carmichael, Katie.
2017
. “Northern Vowel Features within the Deep South: The New Orleans Yat Dialect
.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
142
, no. 4
(Oct.
): 2678
. .Chambers, J. K.
1973
. “Canadian Raising
.” Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La Revue canadienne de Linguistique
18
, no. 2
(Fall): 113
–35
. .Dailey-O’Cain, Jennifer.
1997
. “Canadian Raising in a Midwestern U.S. City
.” Language Variation and Change
9
, no. 1
(Mar.
): 107
–20
. .DARE. Dictionary of American Regional English
. 1985–2013
. Edited by Cassidy, Frederic G.; Hall, Joan Houston. 6 vols
. Cambridge, Mass.
: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
. .Davis, Stuart; Berkson, Kelly, eds.
2021
. American Raising
. Publication of the American Dialect Society 106
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
. .Davis, Stuart; Berkson, Kelly; Strickler, Alyssa.
2019
. “Diary of a Sound Change: Patterns of Incipient /ay/-raising in Fort Wayne, Indiana
.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Dialect Society
, New York
, Jan. 3–6, 2019
.Davis, Stuart; Berkson, Kelly; Strickler, Alyssa.
2020
. “Unlocking the Mystery of Dialect B: A Note on Incipient /aI/-Raising in Fort Wayne, Indiana
.” American Speech
95
, no. 2
(May
), 149
–72
. .Dodsworth, Robin; Kohn, Mary.
2021
. “Supra-Regional Changes are Uncor-related: A Community Comparison
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 125
–46
. .Fruehwald, Josef.
2013
. “The Phonological Influence on Phonetic Change
.” Ph.D. diss.
, University of Pennsylvania
.Fruehwald, Josef.
2016
. “The Early Influence of Phonology on a Phonetic Change
.” Language
, 92
, no. (June
): 376
–410
. .Halle, Morris.
1962
. “Phonology in Generative Grammar
.” Word
18
, nos. 1–3
: 54
–72
. .Hualde, José Ignacio; Luchkina, Tatiana; Eager, Christopher D..
2017
. “Canadian Raising in Chicagoland: The Production and Perception of a Marginal Contrast
.” Journal of Phonetics
65
: 15
–44
. .Idsardi, William.
2006
. “Canadian Raising, Opacity, and Rephonemicization
.” Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La Revue canadienne de Linguistique
51
, no. 2
: 119
–26
. .Joos, Martin.
1942
. “A Phonological Dilemma in Canadian English
.” Language
18
, no. 2
(Apr.–June
): 141
–44
. .Kaye, Jonathan.
1990
. “What Ever Happened to Dialect B?
” In Grammar in Progress: Glow Essays for Henk van Riemsdijk
, edited by Mascaró, Joan; Nespor, Marina, 259
–63
. Dordrecht
: Foris
.Mielke, Jeff; Armstrong, Mike; Hume, Elizabeth.
2003
. “Looking through Opacity
.” Theoretical Linguistics
29
, nos. 1–2
: 123
–39
. .Moreton, Elliott.
2016
. “Prosody-Morphology Interaction in English Diphthong Raising in a Mississippi Dialect
.” Southern Journal of Linguistics
40
, no. 2
: 15
–58
.Moreton, Elliott.
2021
. “Phonological Abstractness in English Diphthong Raising
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 13
–44
. .Moreton, Elliott; Thomas, Erik R..
2007
. “Origins of Canadian Raising in Voiceless Coda Effects: A Case Study in Phonologization
.” In Laboratory Phonology 9
, edited by Cole, Jennifer; Hualde, José Ignacio, 37
–64
. Berlin
: Mouton de Gruyter
.Onosson, David Sky.
2010
. “Canadian Raising in Manitoba: Acoustic Effects of Articulatory Phasing and Lexical Frequency
.” M.A. thesis
, University of Manitoba
.Pater, Joe.
2014
. “Canadian Raising with Language-Specific Weighted Constraints
.” Language
90
, no. 1
(Mar.
): 230
–40
. .Raffelsiefen, Renate; Geumann, Anja.
2016
. “AI vs. AU in American English Compared to German
.” In Tagungsband: 12. Tagung Phonetik und Phonologie im deutschsprachigen Raum
, edited by Draxler, Christoph; Kleber, Felicitas, 155
–57
. Munich
: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
.Rankinen, Wil A.
2014
. “The Sociophonetic and Acoustic Vowel Dynamics of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula English
.” Ph.D. diss.
, Indiana University
.Rankinen, Wil A.; Albin, Aaron.
2021
. “Apparent-Time Evidence of American Raising in Western and Eastern Lower Michigan
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 171
–203
. .Roberts, Julie.
2007
. “Vermont Lowering? Raising Some Questions about /ai/ and /au/ South of the Border
.” Language Variation and Change
19
, no. 2
(July
): 181
–97
. .Schilling, Natalie.
2021
. “/aI/-Raising on the U.S. East Coast: Resurgence, Retreat, and Resilience
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 147
–70
. .Strelluf, Christopher.
2018
. Speaking from the Heartland: The Midland Vowel System of Kansas City
. Publication of the American Dialect Society 103
. Durham, N.C.
: Duke University Press
.Strelluf, Christopher.
2021
. “The Actuation of American Raising in the Heart of America
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 95
–124
. .Swan, Julia Thomas.
2017
. “Canadian Raising on the Rise in Vancouver? A Phonetic Comparison of Vancouver, BC and Seattle, WA
.” In Actes du Congrès de l’ACL 2017 / 2017 CLA Conference Proceedings
, edited by Monti, Andrew Alexander, 15
pp. .Swan, Julia Thomas.
2021
. “Same price, Different house: English Diphthong Raising in Seattle, Washington, and Vancouver, British Columbia
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 204
–32
. .Tamminga, Meredith.
2019
. “Interspeaker Covariation in Philadelphia Vowel Changes
.” Language Variation and Change
31
, no. 2
(July
): 119
–33
. .Thomas, Erik R.
2000
. “Spectral Differences in /ai/ Offsets Conditioned by Voicing of the Following Consonant
.” Journal of Phonetics
28
, no. 1
(Jan.
): 1
–25
. .Thomas, Erik R.; Mielke, Jeff.
2021
. “The Phonetic Development of American Raising in Eastern Ohio
.” In Davis and Berkson 2021
, 45
–62
. .Vance, Timothy J.
1987
. “‘Canadian Raising’ in Some Dialects of the Northern United States
.” American Speech
62
, no. 3
(Fall): 195
–210
. .Copyright © 2021 American Dialect Society
2021
This content is made freely available by the publisher. It may not be redistributed or altered. All rights reserved.
Issue Section:
Articles