Real Democracy: A Critical Realist Approach to Democracy and Democratic Theory Open Access

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Toby S. James is (Full) Professor of Politics and Public Policy at the University of East Anglia UK and Distinguished Fellow at the School of Policy Studies at Queens University, Canada. He is also co-Director of the Electoral Integrity Project and Editor-in-Chief of the multi-disciplinary, social sciences journal Policy Studies. He has held positions at the University of Sydney, the John W. Kluge Center in the Library of Congress, Washington D.C., USA, Swansea University, UK and International IDEA, Sweden. Previous work has been published in journals such as International Political Science Review, Electoral Studies, Government and Opposition, Parliamentary Affairs, and the British Journal of Politics and International Relations. He is the (co)-author or (co-)editor of eight books including: Building Inclusive Elections (Routledge, 2020), and The Trump Administration (Routledge, 2022); What is Electoral Integrity? Election Quality in the Age of Complexity (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming); Oxford Handbook of Electoral Integrity (Oxford University Press, forthcoming). He has written commissioned policy reports for national and international organisations, and collaborated with organisations such as International IDEA, IFES, the Carter Center, Westminster Foundation for Democracy, Electoral Commission of South Africa and the UK FCDO. He has regularly given invited evidence to many Parliamentary committees and collaborated with organisations such as the Venice Commission. He was previously Senior Fellow to the UK All Party Parliamentary Group on Democratic Participation and been an invited speaker around the world including at Harvard University and for the UNDP. His research has been externally funded by the British Academy, Leverhulme Trust, AHRC, ESRC, Nuffield Foundation, SSHRC, Joesph Rowntree Reform Trust, UK Electoral Commission and the McDougall Trust.