Carceral State 2.0?: From Enclosure to Control & Punishment to Surveillance Free

Mass incarceration is at a crossroads. Even though demands to dismantle mass incarceration are increasingly gaining traction, it will not necessarily lead to a reduction of the carceral state. There is an emerging trend that centers on surveillance, security, and police discretion. The ways in which policy-making is negotiated, social upheaval is managed, and policing is being adjusted affirm a shift that puts more of the onus on the controlling aspects associated with law enforcement and less on the enclosing characteristics of incarceration. The current decline in incarceration should thus be seen as more of a realignment than an end of the carceral state.