... to hold starvation at bay, to achieve an always precarious subsistence or survival. Gissing depicts circular, inescapable patterns in which one writes to earn money in order to survive just long enough to write more to buy more—never enough—food. His novels insistently ponder, and seem to try...

...Yoon Sun Lee Abstract This essay examines the phenomenon of typicality as a horizon of the novel's activity. The novel's manner of representing seems to require a certain belief in the existence of types. Yet how the novel goes about demonstrating this belief does not sit easily with usual ideas...

... and the least likely of practical anarchists; he is small, handsome, vaguely literary, and not at all violent. What seems most to make Hyacinth a good terrorist is the fact that he is not just good (clever, sensitive, etc.), but perfect ; he is said by other characters “never to make a mistake.” If The Princess...

...-influence, and sometimes even seem to merge. The novel teaches its readers to pity the sheep and to push beyond an exclusively human-centered perspective. © 2009 by Novel, Inc. 2009 Works Cited Beer , Gillian . Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot, and Nineteenth...

...Andrew J. Counter Abstract George Sand's feminist novels of the 1830s often seem to have a “problem” with sex, or to view sex as a problem. In them, heterosexual sex often appears disempowering for women and therefore politically unpalatable; worse, heterosexual desire itself emerges...

... “expectations”: stories that justify rather than explain our current standing. Is the taste for fantasy and nonrealist speculation, then, indicative of an escapist tendency to foreclose on the universalist presumptions encoded in realist fiction? The age of patrimonial agglomeration may seem a death knell...

... audience. Vernacular anglophone realism cultivates a sense of natality without losing the author's linguistic and geopolitical security in the English language, therefore allowing the global South writer to address both Western and non-Western audiences. While this might seem like a welcome development—one...

... are true because “certitude [i.e., true belief] is accompanied … by a specific feeling, proper to it, and discriminating it from other states, intellectual and moral.” By contrast, In “The Portrait of Mr. W. H.” (1889) and elsewhere, Wilde attempts to make all beliefs seem open to doubt and debate—even...

... Freud states in Studies on Hysteria that “it is difficult to attribute too much sense” to what may seem minor details (such as tics), neurology tends to grant them no meaning whatsoever. Where does this leave a literary-critical hermeneutics that has tended to take the Freudian view here as its default...

... of art photographers such as Oscar Rejlander and Henry Peach Robinson, who transposed bodies and even body parts into different scenes and visual narratives. Ironically, then, the very qualities that seemed to disqualify photography as an artistic medium (fragmentation and abstraction) turn out...

... writing comes to seem a site where autonomous individuals, endowed with deep feelings, can find a selfhood molded by the thoughts of others but not dogged by the “tyranny of the prevailing opinion and feeling.” Mill eventually decides that immersing oneself in the written emotions and thoughts of others...

... political body. A Hawthorne story from the same period as Tocqueville's study shows the new collectivity paradoxically requiring the constraints of classical liberalism just as liberalism in turn seemed to require the popular energy unleashed by democracy to justify its constraints and exclusions. Hawthorne...

...Martin Zirulnik Odd phrases—certain vaguely humorous idiomatic figures of speech—are far too instrumental in the narrative development of Crane's fiction to be considered incidental, though their precise role remains obscure. At times, particular phrases and figures even seem to exert a surreal...

... audiences and English novelists presented an exaggerated version of a gap between readers and authors that an emerging consumerist culture was making apparent throughout the transatlantic world. Understanding this broader context helps explain why the late works of both Dickens and Du Maurier seem to echo...

...—and by contrast the seeming limitlessness of the corporate state of mind—prepares us to understand how the novel resists an epistemological system into which it incorporated and how, in doing so, it shifts the kinds of questions we ask of the novel from those of what does the novel know ? to how is the novel...

... that the seeming weaknesses of Lily's character—her gendered embodiment and embedded position within the forces of the capitalist market—are actually, from the point of view of the novel as a whole, key strengths that allow Wharton to imagine possibilities for critical thinking from within the forces of capitalism...

... The Woodlanders seems to foster sympathy for rural folk who get caught up and reconfigured in state fantasy, it ultimately indicts sympathy and, by extension, its appropriation by the modern liberal state. With its radical doubt about the stability of the subject and its incisive critique of the politics...

...Stuart Sherman Newspapers and novels both tend to run long, but they accomplish their protractions by means so different as to seem at first glance diametrically opposed—the paper by its steady pulse of publication across an open-ended span, the novel by something more like sprawl. Despite...

...Mary Helen McMurran Nearly a quarter century after Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities , the novel seems to be less a national subject than a flexible citizen. But before Ian Watt's The Rise of the Novel , most novel histories took the mobility of prose fictions for granted; writers had long...

...Andrea Cabajsky In 1880, the French Canadian journalist and politician Frédéric Houde published his only novel, Le manoir mystérieux, ou les victimes de l'ambition , in the Montreal daily newspaper Le nouveau monde . Then Houde's novel seems to have disappeared from the public eye until 1913, when...