... differences is central to the moral economy of mid-nineteenth-century realism. To live inside a liberal dispensation that takes its realist fictions seriously means recognizing the work that characters like Pip in Dickens's Great Expectations (and persons like ourselves) put into stories about our own...

...Gage McWeeny The oblique interrelations of characters through complex social networks—the Empire of the Little which so much occupies mid-nineteenth-century realism—constituted for fiction a “new social continent,” as Fredric Jameson has suggested. But this continent has more than one discoverer...

... institutional reproduction, Nostromo calls on tropes of nineteenth-century realism only to insist upon their inadequacy. The novel's attention to institutions as material structures (and as actors in their own right) joined to sets of values, practices, and incentives (and thus as contexts for individual action...

... nineteenth-century realism character-space recessive action In his 1908 Preface to The Portrait of a Lady , Henry James remembers his optimism, as he gazed out the window of his rented lodgings on the Riva Schiavoni in the spring of 1880, that Venice's demands on his attention might be turned to...

... studies, this essay attempts to trace the lineage of disfavored realism back through the “realism wars” of the late nineteenth century in the United Kingdom and the mid-twentieth century in the United States. In both phases, literary authorities cast realism as a European aesthetic mortmain, somehow alien...

... ( 1984 ): 101 -15. Jackson , Rosemary . Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion . London: Methuen, 1981 . Kearns , Katherine . Nineteenth-Century Literary Realism: Through the Looking-Glass . Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996 . Kelly , Dorothy . “The Ghost of Meaning: Language in...

... Agathocleous Tanya . Urban Realism and the Cosmopolitan Imagination in the Nineteenth Century: Visible City, Invisible World . Cambridge : Cambridge UP , 2011 . Alley Richard B . The Two-Mile Time Machine: Ice Cores, Abrupt Climate Change, and Our Future . Princeton : Princeton UP , 2002...

... well as historical event. Photographic “realism” has been diversely conceived, defined, and redefined since the medium's “invention” in the early nineteenth century. Yet to the various existing definitions and conceptions of the term, I seek to add a temporal dimension by looking at how durational...

...Sonia A. Werner While it is common for scholars to concede that realism is nearly impossible to define, the story of realism's emergence as a specific literary movement in the nineteenth century is rarely disputed. Literary critics and historians alike frequently identify the emergence of...

... Forms of Great Epic Literature . Trans. Anna Bostock. Cambridge: MIT P, 1971 . McKeon , Michael . The Origins of the English Novel, 1600–1740 . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1987 . Novak , Daniel A. Realism, Photography, and Nineteenth-Century Fiction . Cambridge: Cambridge UP...

... nineteenth-century Jesus fiction and poetry is its reliance on noncanonical sources of information on the era in which he would have lived. From the 1830s onward, it is possible to track a set of formal elements that novelists added to the core fabula of the life of Jesus. The realism of the Jesus...

..., if less openly advertised, presence in nineteenth-century British realism: an ethical value to stilled observation without a principle of closure, and a fear that such minute observation might endanger from within the narrative drive of the text that values that observation. Our canonical...

...Edward Cahill PRATT LLOYD , Archives of American Time: Literature and Modernity in the Nineteenth Century ( Philadelphia : U of Pennsylvania P , 2010 ), pp. 248 , cloth, $55.00 . © 2011 by Novel, Inc. 2011 Duke University Press Temporality and Form in Nineteenth...

...Jay Clayton NOVAK DANIEL A. , Realism, Photography, and Nineteenth-Century Fiction ( Cambridge : Cambridge UP , 2008 ), pp. 250 , cloth, $93.00 . © 2011 by Novel, Inc. 2011 Duke University Press Work Cited Smith Roberta . “The Pastime of Victorian Cutups.” New...

... like Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five , of catastrophically defamiliarized ones. In that sense, although the historical novel appears at the beginnings of nineteenth-century realism, it already has a kinship with the contemporary genres of science fiction and the alternate-history novel. Individual...

... these difficulties, however, The Novel MICHAEL SAYEAU I REALISM, REFORM, AND THE TRANSATLANTIC NOVEL of Purpose is a major contribution to the study of nineteenth-century literature on both sides of the Atlantic-one, moreover, that provides innovative and timely insight into the complex...

... different kinds of things that are being presumed and different understandings of the presumption. And indeed, in describing the changes to the presumption of legitimacy over the nineteenth century, Margot Finn, Michael Lobban, and Jenny Bourne Taylor emphasize the historical specificity of Victorian...

... authenticity as proof of what I call racial realism, an accurate or truthful representation of Black experiences? In the postbellum nineteenth century, the most popular literary form of minstrel real- ism was the so-called plantation tradition, led by Joel Chandler Harris, Thomas Nelson...

... we act as if ideology is real even though we know that it is imaginary—derive from the nineteenth-century thinkers Freud and Marx as interpreted by Jacques Lacan and Louis Althusser, respectively, upon whose ideas Jaffe often draws. Significantly, framing The Victorian Novel Dreams of the Real is a...

... to the theory of realism. 3 Catherine Gallagher, for example, has challenged the dogmatically ethical or naively mimetic stereotypes of the nineteenth-century novel by emphasizing its internal dynamism, its dialectical traffic between the familiar and the strange. In Gallagher's terms, George...