... with the “exoteric,” the action suggests more than just what is described, and structure takes on symbolic value: “Panurge’s quest and failure of that quest are more central to the meaning of the book than the subject of the quest” (Praisers of Folly: Erasnzus, Rabelais, Shakespeare [Cambridge...

... expression of the therapeutic value of music-a genuine argztmentum ad oculos. Earlier in the novel music and medicine have been mingled, again in a lofty sense, when Panurge compares the harmony of the blood- a form of microcosmic harmony-to the macrocosmic harmony, the music of the spheres...

... by the firiancial success of the plan, is discomfited when he learns that his foil has been robbing the collection plates. In the analogous pas- sage in Pantagruel (ed. Lefranc, 11, Chap. XVII, p. 199), Panurge explains to Pantagruel that he has been robbing the “bassains des pardons . . . par toutes les...

... to Panurge’s quests. These should no longer be considered only in the historical setting of the Querelle des Femmes, but can also be interpreted as forerunners of modern psychiatry-Rabelais gives a re- markably Freudian interpretation of Panurge’s dreams. An original note is struck...

.... According to the author, Rabelais’ surge of verbal exuberance in the prologue of the Third Book gives way to Panurge’s quests. These should no longer be considered only in the historical setting of the Querelle des Femmes, but can also be interpreted as forerunners of modern psychiatry...

...’ humor can have full play where Pulci could at best suggest his half-smile. Both Rabelais and Pulci show vicious characters in a humorous light. Margutte, the incarnation of seventy-seven mortal sins, is usually compared with Panurge. But Margutte may be matched, at least...

...” (p. 353). The frequent downward movement of Rabelais’s world suddenly comes to signify a movement “upside down” (p. 370). Since Panurge (111, 22) represents the space under Proserpina’s close-stool as the most terrifying place in hell, Gargantua’s arsewipe “brings us finally into hell” (p...

...: Droz, Histoire des Idees et Critique Litteraire, 157, 1976. 231 pp. Kagland, Mary E. Rabelais and Panurge: A Psychological Approach to Literary Char- acter. Amsterdam: Kodopi, 1976. 165 pp. Dfl. 35. Reid, Joyce M. H. (editor). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of French Literature...

... and Contrasts in the Word-Craft of Rabelais and James Joyce”; Donald M. Frame, “The Impact of Frere Jean on Panurge in Rabelais’ Tiers Livre”; R. L. Frautschi, “Candide’s Quarterings”; Stirling Haig, “Affinity and Antithesis in the Vocabulary of PhLdre”; Jacques HardrC, “Les...

..., Legend, and Litera- 422 BOOKS RECEIVED ture”; Philip Bennett, “Guillaume d’Orange: Fighter of Demons and Har- rower of Hell”; Terence Cave, “Panurge and Odysseus”; I. D. McFarlane, “Mythology and Structure in Ronsard’s Les Amours (1552...

... with walls,” Agesilaus explains that “les villes et citez ne scauroyent avoir muraille plus seure et plus forte que la vertu des citoyens et habitans” (cities and towns could have no safer and stronger wall than the valor of the citizens and inhabitants).30 But, as always, Panurge has another...

... etc Despite its phenomenal popularity, however, by the late fifteenth cen- tury the Pseudo-Turpin had been widely discredited as a historical hoax. In the 1534 Pantagruel Rabelais has the trickster Panurge entertain his audience with “les fables de Turpin, les exemples de Saint Nicolas, et le...