...Sultan Tepe Many of the urban renewal projects (URPs) in consolidating democracies are not market-led projects but rather projects initiated by the state and implemented by the private sector. Promising to improve urban poor regions with URPs poses unique challenges and opportunities to residents...

... to employ the state as a mechanism of fiscal extraction and income redistribution toward the state-dependent urban strata. From 1880 to 1920, it was these urban strata that favored irredentism, with the military corps at the forefront. In fact, when it became...

... permits is more than 150,000. Annually, the total number of those seeking asylum in Turkey is around 5,000. While the fl ows of external emigration and immigration are taking place, Turkey also experiences mass internal migration, with thousands of people coming from rural to urban areas each year...

... problems in the region argue for a more concerted approach, embracing United Nations, European Union, and national initiatives—and a more “singular” approach to shared challenges. Mediterranean Affairs, Inc. 2009 Pamela Lesser is a Washington-based consultant on urban and environmental planning...

... urbanization will be the norm throughout the region. In 1925, for example, 80 percent of human population was located in rural areas; in 1995, only 52 percent remained in rural locales—and the expecta- tion remains that this trend toward urbanization will continue.3 • Climate change...

... been falling con- siderably, partly due to reduced water supplies, rapid urbanization in arable lands, and growing demand due to the increase in population. As a result, even in a “good” agricultural year, less than 5 percent of the wheat demand is produced locally. In 2011, for example, about...

... Revolution, the societies that went through bureau- cratization, centralization, urbanization, and secularization experienced a shift from traditional to secular-­rational values. Agrarian or preindustrial societies had placed high importance on religion and family life, tended to be authoritarian...

... and ushers in a new period of lasting peace and greater prosperity. Regionaliza- tion certainly has the potential to achieve these domestic and international outcomes. However, people in both rural and urban areas, especially in the Western Sahara, need to implement and benefit from new development ini...

... capita gross national product doubled in less than a decade, from about six thousands dollars in the late 1980s to more than thirteen thousand in 2002.4 Education levels went up and so did urbaniza- tion, upward mobility, and expectations. Educated and urban Greeks refused to accept agricultural...

... the country of quaint customs, fiery flamenco dancers, and long siestas of our fathers’ or grandfathers’ memories; it is alive, dynamic, urban, sophisticated, and very, very hip.2 Spain voted to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1986...

... of the main urbanized area, albeit excluding substantial portions of both the British Mandatory District of 1944 and the Jerusalem city boundaries as established by the United Nations in 1947, which remained under the administration of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF...

... on decision making over natural and cultural resources, revealing a conglomerate of forces at work and giving voice to those actively resisting imposed urban development, governance, and community identities in often David-and-Goliath-like battles. The volume is greatly influenced by the late...

... on decision making over natural and cultural resources, revealing a conglomerate of forces at work and giving voice to those actively resisting imposed urban development, governance, and community identities in often David-and-Goliath-like battles. The volume is greatly influenced by the late...

... such as Paris’s Clichy-sous-Bois as “sensitive urban zones.” In these zones unemployment stands at 19.6 percent — double the national average — and at more than 30 percent among twenty-one- to twenty-nine-year-olds; incomes are 75 percent below the average.44 SOS Racisme regularly highlights cases...

... in domestic politics. • Urban population growth and gendered workforce participation rates control for gradual demographic changes that may indirectly alter policymaking. •  An election year variable controls for sudden, periodic changes in policymaking. One may assume...

... Quarterly: Fall 2005 were from urban and industrial areas. Between 1950 and 1959, migration from the mainland represented almost 79 percent of the total, with Lisbon and Aveiro contributing the highest percentage of emigrants; most came from the coastal regions. However, the percentage...

.... The assembly decided to do away with the national workshops, a vast make-­work project that provided employment for unemployed urban lower classes and was perceived as a recruiting ground for the Paris mob. As a result, the workers rose in June 1848 and were crushed. After the June Days the revolution...

... the Chinese populace has show any inclination of slowing the pace of economic development and growth. The rapid industrialization and urbanization pro- cesses have triggered large-scale rural-to-urban migration. Millions of Chi- nese have moved into cities and towns. By 2050, the urban population...

... of the fact that a main distributor for its main urban market is the sitting prime minister — and, before that, the mayor of the urban area in question — other details would serve to make the claim dubious: in addition to the ownership shares of Erdogan, his brother, his sis- ter, her husband...

... in Iran, through urbanization, favored the religious forces during the revolution. Furthermore, the Islamist forces utilized a mixture of Marxism and Shiism that attracted the middle and lower middle classes to Khomeini’s cause, aiding in the formation of the anti-shah­ coalition.17 15...