...Ali Erken Student movements in the twentieth century Middle East have received less attention than many other topics in the study of the region's cultural and political history. Yet the rapidly changing demographic composition of the region since the 1960s have made young people and youth activism...

..., journalists, and a collection of independent-­minded groups and individuals. Student organizations were particularly vital to the success of the reformist movement in the late 1990s and early years of the 2000s. In fact, the reinvigoration of the student movement was directly correlated...

... State in north- ern Iraq appears to bear this out, as the Arab Spring has faltered and the region is now seeing a return to reactionary, religious conservatism. In “Challenging Secular Establishment: Student Movements in Egypt and Turkey in the 1970s,” Ali Erken compares the dissident activities...

... balance between the freedom of movement of people and the control of illegal immi- gration while respecting the fundamental human rights and freedoms as guaranteed in international treaties and European Union standards. In 2004 Bulgaria completed its negotiations for EU membership, which...

..., however, that instances of faith-­based political movements are most often con- flated with other social movements. Examples are found throughout modern history, from, for example, the Irish Republican Army, the Indian People’s Party, and Gush Emunim, a former right-­wing Jewish movement in Israel...

... migration. Because immigration changes the status quo, the activity has anything but a neutral effect on society. The movements of different ethnic groups into California over the past two hundred years have provided opportunities for some elements and created anger among others. What follows...

... nationalism” among the factors that unified the nation. Heper notes that there were elements of the Turkish polity that promoted the con- cept that Turkey was for Turks; all other ethnic groups were of a lower status. He cites the Turanism movement as one of these elements. This concept began...

... that unified the nation. Heper notes that there were elements of the Turkish polity that promoted the con- cept that Turkey was for Turks; all other ethnic groups were of a lower status. He cites the Turanism movement as one of these elements. This concept began with the Young Turks in the late...

... a degree of political and economic stability in the volatile region of the Middle East and North Africa. Another important strategic motive for providing development assistance to Egypt is the American and Western European desire to contain the mili- tant Islamic fundamentalist movements, perceived...

... system that does not work. Look at the success of Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan. And in the United States, students with Chinese names can often be found at the top of the lists of high school and college graduates. It is Leninism that’s holding you back.” It is worthy of note that in the years since...

.... Adopting political strategies akin to those used by Islamist movements throughout the Arab world, Shas penetrated the Israeli state by bypassing it. Through its activities, the leadership of Shas aims to create a new Jewish cultural identity based...

... Rosenbaum, its general counsel, to Vienna to meet a “secret infor- mant” (according to Rosenbaum, this “informant” acknowledged ties to the Social Democratic Party) who provided documents alluding to Waldheim’s Balkans service and possible Nazi associations as a student. Most important, the informant...

... associations as a student. Most important, the informant provided the Podgorica photograph, which electrified the WJC emissary. Back in New York, the WJC launched a campaign against Waldheim that was, with ups and downs, to last eight years. Within a month, the WJC persuaded the New York Times to publish...

...” acknowledged ties to the Social Democratic Party) who provided documents alluding to Waldheim’s Balkans service and possible Nazi associations as a student. Most important, the informant provided the Podgorica photograph, which electrified the WJC emissary. Back in New York, the WJC launched a campaign...

... associations as a student. Most important, the informant provided the Podgorica photograph, which electrified the WJC emissary. Back in New York, the WJC launched a campaign against Waldheim that was, with ups and downs, to last eight years. Within a month, the WJC persuaded the New York Times to publish...

... and sanctuaries predating the pyramids, was a revelation. In fact, the first few chapters of the book were of intense interest, partly due to my own ignorance of the very early history of the region. This book places a great deal of emphasis on the movement of peoples across the Mediterranean Sea...

... and sanctuaries predating the pyramids, was a revelation. In fact, the first few chapters of the book were of intense interest, partly due to my own ignorance of the very early history of the region. This book places a great deal of emphasis on the movement of peoples across the Mediterranean Sea...

...Justine Williams Justine Williams is a doctoral student in cultural anthropology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Dionigi Albera and Maria Couroucli, Editors: Sharing Sacred Spaces in the Mediterranean: Christians, Muslims and Jews at Shrines and Sanctuaries...

... at the University of the District of Columbia. Reviews 133 ber. The book chronicles the rise of extreme Islamic movements and analyzes the works of key Muslim thinkers in the Middle Ages and modern times, whose writings have influenced political activism...

.... Reviews 133 ber. The book chronicles the rise of extreme Islamic movements and analyzes the works of key Muslim thinkers in the Middle Ages and modern times, whose writings have influenced political activism in the Muslim world over the years. After a preface, the book is divided into four chapters...